| Readability | 20 g |
| Accuracy (kg) | 80 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 50 kg |
Scales
Scales are measuring devices for determining the mass of bodies. They come in many different designs. Various physical laws and relationships are used.
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| Readability | 0.05 kg |
| Weighing range | 0 to 600 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Surface scales Drive-through scales |
| Readability | 0.05 kg |
| Weighing range | 0 to 300 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Surface scales Drive-through scales |
| Readability | 10 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 30 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Readability | 20 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 60 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Readability | 50 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 150 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Readability | 20 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 60 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Readability | 50 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 150 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Readability | 50 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 150 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Readability | 50 g |
| Accuracy (kg) | 200 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 150 kg |
| Resolution | 100 to 200 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 600 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Surface scales Drive-through scales |
| Readability | 20 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 60 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Readability | 0.1 kg |
| Weighing range | 0 to 300 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Readability | 10 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 30 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Platform scales |
| Weighing range | 0 to 4,000 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Animal scales |
| Units of measure | kg |
| Resolution | 100 to 200 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 600 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Surface scales Drive-through scales |
| Resolution | 20 to 100 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 300 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Animal scales |
| Dimension (width) | 1,200 mm |
| Dimension (height) | 800 mm |
| Weighing range | 0 to 3,000 kg |
| Resolution | 100 to 200 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 600 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Surface scales Drive-through scales |
| Resolution | 50 to 100 g |
| Weighing range | 0 to 600 kg |
| Scale type/ scale application | Surface scales Drive-through scales |
Important types of scales are beam scales, single pan scales, quick scales, letter scales, decimal scales and electronic scales.
Beam scales
The simplest design of a scale is the beam scale. In a beam balance (laboratory balance), the mass of a body is directly compared with the mass of weighing pieces. A beam balance is a two-sided lever with two lever arms of equal length.
Single-pan balances
In a single-pan balance (letter balance, quick balance), the mass of the body to be weighed is compared with a fixed mass piece (reference body).
The law of leverage is also used here, because the distance of the reference body from the axis of rotation changes depending on the mass of the body to be weighed (Fig. 3). The scale is calibrated so that the mass can be read directly. Single-pan balances also come in the form of simple two-sided levers with a running weight that is moved on one lever arm until the balance is in equilibrium.
Decimal balances
In a decimal balance, the mass of the body being weighed is compared to the mass of weighing pieces, similar to a beam balance. Figure 4 shows the basic design of such a decimal balance. The special feature of a decimal balance is that the force arms behave as 1:10 and thus, in equilibrium, the mass of the weighing pieces is 1/10 of the mass of the body whose mass is to be determined. Therefore, the name decimal balance.
Electronic scales
Electronic scales are also available in very different designs. They make use of different physical relationships. One possibility is to use strain gauges. Strain gauges (SGs) are transducers in which the mechanical deformation of an electrical conductor causes a change in electrical resistance that can be measured.
Such strain gauges usually consist of a resistance wire or foil applied to a substrate (Fig. 6).
When a strain gauge is loaded, its electrical resistance changes with the load. At constant voltage, the current strength thus changes. The device is scaled in such a way that not the current intensity but immediately the corresponding mass is displayed. This is usually done in digital form, i.e. in the form of numbers that can be read on a display and, in the case of scales in department stores, for example, also printed out immediately.
Beam scales
The simplest design of a scale is the beam scale. In a beam balance (laboratory balance), the mass of a body is directly compared with the mass of weighing pieces. A beam balance is a two-sided lever with two lever arms of equal length.
Single-pan balances
In a single-pan balance (letter balance, quick balance), the mass of the body to be weighed is compared with a fixed mass piece (reference body).
The law of leverage is also used here, because the distance of the reference body from the axis of rotation changes depending on the mass of the body to be weighed (Fig. 3). The scale is calibrated so that the mass can be read directly. Single-pan balances also come in the form of simple two-sided levers with a running weight that is moved on one lever arm until the balance is in equilibrium.
Decimal balances
In a decimal balance, the mass of the body being weighed is compared to the mass of weighing pieces, similar to a beam balance. Figure 4 shows the basic design of such a decimal balance. The special feature of a decimal balance is that the force arms behave as 1:10 and thus, in equilibrium, the mass of the weighing pieces is 1/10 of the mass of the body whose mass is to be determined. Therefore, the name decimal balance.
Electronic scales
Electronic scales are also available in very different designs. They make use of different physical relationships. One possibility is to use strain gauges. Strain gauges (SGs) are transducers in which the mechanical deformation of an electrical conductor causes a change in electrical resistance that can be measured.
Such strain gauges usually consist of a resistance wire or foil applied to a substrate (Fig. 6).
When a strain gauge is loaded, its electrical resistance changes with the load. At constant voltage, the current strength thus changes. The device is scaled in such a way that not the current intensity but immediately the corresponding mass is displayed. This is usually done in digital form, i.e. in the form of numbers that can be read on a display and, in the case of scales in department stores, for example, also printed out immediately.
What is the purpose of a scale?
The purpose of a scale is to measure the weight of objects or people. It is used to determine the weight of an object or to monitor the progress of a diet or training program. Scales are used in various areas, such as retail, medicine, the food industry and everyday life.
How does a scale work?
A scale works based on the principle of equilibrium. It consists of a horizontal platform on which the object to be weighed is placed and a lever mechanism that measures the weight of the object.
Most scales use a spring or an elastic material that bends under the weight of the object. The stronger the bend, the greater the weight. This process is known as spring balancing.
The lever mechanism consists of a beam scale with a horizontal lever arm to which the platform is attached. There are weights on both sides of the lever that create the balance. The object to be weighed is placed on one side of the platform, while weights are added on the other side until balance is achieved.
A digital scale works in a similar way, but instead of a spring it uses an electronic component that measures the bending or deformation. These measurements are then converted into a weight and shown on a digital display.
It is important that a scale is correctly calibrated in order to provide accurate measurement results. There is often a zero setting to ensure that the scales are reset to zero when the platform is empty. It is also important to observe the maximum load capacity of a scale in order to avoid overloading.
Most scales use a spring or an elastic material that bends under the weight of the object. The stronger the bend, the greater the weight. This process is known as spring balancing.
The lever mechanism consists of a beam scale with a horizontal lever arm to which the platform is attached. There are weights on both sides of the lever that create the balance. The object to be weighed is placed on one side of the platform, while weights are added on the other side until balance is achieved.
A digital scale works in a similar way, but instead of a spring it uses an electronic component that measures the bending or deformation. These measurements are then converted into a weight and shown on a digital display.
It is important that a scale is correctly calibrated in order to provide accurate measurement results. There is often a zero setting to ensure that the scales are reset to zero when the platform is empty. It is also important to observe the maximum load capacity of a scale in order to avoid overloading.
When were the first scales invented?
The first scales were probably invented several thousand years ago. There is evidence that primitive scales were already in use in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Indus civilization, all of which existed around 3000 BC. These early scales usually consisted of beams suspended on a central axis to which weights could be attached to maintain balance.
Over the centuries, scales have been further developed and improved. In ancient Greece and Rome, more advanced scales were already in use, which were equipped with counterweights and scales, among other things. In the Middle Ages, beam scales with bowls similar to those we know today were used in Europe.
However, the first electronic scales were not developed until the 20th century. In 1939, British engineer Edward Ernest Simmons invented the first electronic beam scale. Since then, scales have evolved and today there are many different types and models.
Over the centuries, scales have been further developed and improved. In ancient Greece and Rome, more advanced scales were already in use, which were equipped with counterweights and scales, among other things. In the Middle Ages, beam scales with bowls similar to those we know today were used in Europe.
However, the first electronic scales were not developed until the 20th century. In 1939, British engineer Edward Ernest Simmons invented the first electronic beam scale. Since then, scales have evolved and today there are many different types and models.
Who are the most important manufacturers of scales worldwide?
The most important manufacturers of scales worldwide are
1. Mettler-Toledo
2. Sartorius
3. Shimadzu
4. Ohaus
5. Avery Weigh-Tronix
6. Radwag
7. Minebea Intec
8. Precisa
9. Kern & Son
10. Adam Equipment
1. Mettler-Toledo
2. Sartorius
3. Shimadzu
4. Ohaus
5. Avery Weigh-Tronix
6. Radwag
7. Minebea Intec
8. Precisa
9. Kern & Son
10. Adam Equipment
What different types of scales are there?
There are different types of scales, which have different attributes and functions depending on their intended use. Some of the most common types of scales are:
1. Personal scales: These scales are used to measure body weight and are available in different versions such as analog or digital.
2. Kitchen scales: These scales are used to accurately weigh ingredients during cooking and baking. They are usually small and compact and can also be in digital or analog form.
3. Parcel scales: These scales are used to determine the weight of parcels and shipping goods. They are often larger and more robust than other scales and can cover weight ranges from a few kilograms to several hundred kilograms.
4. Industrial scales: These scales are used in industrial environments and can be used to weigh heavy loads or to check product quality. They are often very accurate and can cover large weight ranges.
5. Laboratory balances: These scales are used in scientific laboratories to weigh small quantities of materials with high accuracy. They are often very sensitive and can cover weight ranges from milligrams to several kilograms.
6. Commercial scales: These scales are used in stores and supermarkets to calculate the price of food and other products based on their weight. They are often equipped with a barcode scanner and a cashier function.
7. Luggage scales: These scales are used to determine the weight of baggage before the flight to ensure that it complies with the airline's weight restrictions.
These are just a few examples of the different types of scales that are available. There are many other specialized scales that have been developed for specific applications.
1. Personal scales: These scales are used to measure body weight and are available in different versions such as analog or digital.
2. Kitchen scales: These scales are used to accurately weigh ingredients during cooking and baking. They are usually small and compact and can also be in digital or analog form.
3. Parcel scales: These scales are used to determine the weight of parcels and shipping goods. They are often larger and more robust than other scales and can cover weight ranges from a few kilograms to several hundred kilograms.
4. Industrial scales: These scales are used in industrial environments and can be used to weigh heavy loads or to check product quality. They are often very accurate and can cover large weight ranges.
5. Laboratory balances: These scales are used in scientific laboratories to weigh small quantities of materials with high accuracy. They are often very sensitive and can cover weight ranges from milligrams to several kilograms.
6. Commercial scales: These scales are used in stores and supermarkets to calculate the price of food and other products based on their weight. They are often equipped with a barcode scanner and a cashier function.
7. Luggage scales: These scales are used to determine the weight of baggage before the flight to ensure that it complies with the airline's weight restrictions.
These are just a few examples of the different types of scales that are available. There are many other specialized scales that have been developed for specific applications.
Why is accurate weight measurement with a scale important?
Accurate weight measurement with a scale is important for several reasons:
1. Health monitoring: Accurate weight measurement makes it possible to detect changes in body weight that could indicate health problems. For example, unexplained weight gain may indicate fluid retention or weight loss may indicate illness or malnutrition.
2. Nutrition and fitness management: A scale helps to monitor body weight as part of a healthy diet or fitness program. By weighing yourself regularly, you can track your progress and make adjustments to achieve the desired results.
3. Medical treatment: In some medical situations, accurate weight measurement is crucial for the correct dosage of medication or the management of fluid intake and excretion. For example, in the treatment of kidney problems or heart failure, body weight can be an important indicator of disease progression.
4. Monitoring of growth: Accurate weight measurement is important for children and adolescents in order to keep an eye on their growth and identify possible developmental problems at an early stage.
Overall, accurate weight measurement with a scale is important to monitor physical health, achieve health-related goals and effectively administer medical treatments.
1. Health monitoring: Accurate weight measurement makes it possible to detect changes in body weight that could indicate health problems. For example, unexplained weight gain may indicate fluid retention or weight loss may indicate illness or malnutrition.
2. Nutrition and fitness management: A scale helps to monitor body weight as part of a healthy diet or fitness program. By weighing yourself regularly, you can track your progress and make adjustments to achieve the desired results.
3. Medical treatment: In some medical situations, accurate weight measurement is crucial for the correct dosage of medication or the management of fluid intake and excretion. For example, in the treatment of kidney problems or heart failure, body weight can be an important indicator of disease progression.
4. Monitoring of growth: Accurate weight measurement is important for children and adolescents in order to keep an eye on their growth and identify possible developmental problems at an early stage.
Overall, accurate weight measurement with a scale is important to monitor physical health, achieve health-related goals and effectively administer medical treatments.
How are scales calibrated and verified?
Scales are usually checked for accuracy by calibration and verification.
Calibrating a scale involves checking and adjusting the measured values to ensure that they correspond to the correct values. This is normally done using weights that have a known mass. The weights are placed on the scales and the measured values displayed are compared with the expected values. If deviations occur, appropriate adjustments are made to the scales to improve accuracy.
The verification of a scale is a formal process in which the scale is checked and approved by an authorized authority. Calibration is carried out in accordance with legal regulations and standards to ensure that the scales comply with legal requirements. The accuracy of the scales is also checked by using weights. If the scale meets the requirements, it is provided with a calibration seal that confirms its accuracy.
Calibration and verification of scales should be carried out regularly to ensure that they provide reliable measurement results. The frequency of calibration and verification depends on various factors, such as the frequency of use of the scale and the legal regulations in the respective country.
Calibrating a scale involves checking and adjusting the measured values to ensure that they correspond to the correct values. This is normally done using weights that have a known mass. The weights are placed on the scales and the measured values displayed are compared with the expected values. If deviations occur, appropriate adjustments are made to the scales to improve accuracy.
The verification of a scale is a formal process in which the scale is checked and approved by an authorized authority. Calibration is carried out in accordance with legal regulations and standards to ensure that the scales comply with legal requirements. The accuracy of the scales is also checked by using weights. If the scale meets the requirements, it is provided with a calibration seal that confirms its accuracy.
Calibration and verification of scales should be carried out regularly to ensure that they provide reliable measurement results. The frequency of calibration and verification depends on various factors, such as the frequency of use of the scale and the legal regulations in the respective country.
What are the most important areas of application for scales in different industries?
Scales are used in various industries for different applications. Here are some of the most important ones:
1. Industry: In industry, scales are used to measure weight, mass and volume. They are used to monitor production processes, for quality control and to determine material quantities.
2. Trade: In retail, scales are used to determine the weight of products in order to calculate the sales price. They are also used for stocktaking purposes and to check deliveries.
3. Food industry: Special scales are used in the food industry to measure the exact amount of ingredients used in cooking and baking. They are also used for food packaging to ensure that the right amount is contained in each package.
4. Healthcare: In the healthcare sector, scales are used to measure the body weight of patients. They are also used for measuring medical substances and for dosing medication.
5. Logistics and shipping: In the logistics industry, scales are used to determine the weight of parcels and freight in order to calculate shipping costs. They are also used for checking deliveries and weighing pallets.
6. Agriculture: In agriculture, scales are used to determine the weight of animals such as cattle or pigs. They are also used to measure animal feed and to determine crop yields.
7. Environment: In environmental technology, scales are used to measure pollutants, waste materials and other environmental samples. They are also used to monitor bodies of water and measure air quality.
This list is not exhaustive, as there are many other areas of application for scales in various industries. The exact use depends on the specific requirements and processes of each industry.
1. Industry: In industry, scales are used to measure weight, mass and volume. They are used to monitor production processes, for quality control and to determine material quantities.
2. Trade: In retail, scales are used to determine the weight of products in order to calculate the sales price. They are also used for stocktaking purposes and to check deliveries.
3. Food industry: Special scales are used in the food industry to measure the exact amount of ingredients used in cooking and baking. They are also used for food packaging to ensure that the right amount is contained in each package.
4. Healthcare: In the healthcare sector, scales are used to measure the body weight of patients. They are also used for measuring medical substances and for dosing medication.
5. Logistics and shipping: In the logistics industry, scales are used to determine the weight of parcels and freight in order to calculate shipping costs. They are also used for checking deliveries and weighing pallets.
6. Agriculture: In agriculture, scales are used to determine the weight of animals such as cattle or pigs. They are also used to measure animal feed and to determine crop yields.
7. Environment: In environmental technology, scales are used to measure pollutants, waste materials and other environmental samples. They are also used to monitor bodies of water and measure air quality.
This list is not exhaustive, as there are many other areas of application for scales in various industries. The exact use depends on the specific requirements and processes of each industry.