| Non-linearity (±) | 0.06 % |
| Measurement range (±) | 75 to 900 °/s |
| Band width | 150 Hz |
Angular rate sensors
1 - 10
| Non-linearity (±) | 0.06 % |
| Measurement range (±) | 75 to 900 °/s |
| Band width | 150 Hz |
| Measurement range (±) | 125 to 2,000 °/s |
| Temperature drift < (±) | 0.015 °/s |
| Additional measurement possibilities | Acceleration Tilt angle |
| Non-linearity (±) | 0.02 to 0.05 % |
| Measurement range (±) | 10 to 400 °/s |
| Band width | 50 to 100 Hz |
| Non-linearity (±) | 0.02 to 0.05 % |
| Measurement range (±) | 10 to 400 °/s |
| Band width | 50 to 100 Hz |
| Applications | Vehicles & Road Traffic |
| Measurement range (±) | 900 °/s |
| Non-linearity (±) | 0.5 % |
| Additional measurement possibilities | Acceleration |
| Band width | 10 Hz |
| Measurement range (±) | 80 to 200 °/s |
| Non-linearity (±) | 0.5 % |
| Temperature drift < (±) | 30 °/s |
| Band width | 10 to 30 Hz |
| Measurement range (±) | 100 to 573 °/s |
| Temperature drift < (±) | 1 to 3 °/s |
| Band width | 55 Hz |
| Measurement range (±) | 100 to 200 °/s |
| Temperature drift < (±) | 3 °/s |
| Band width | 75 Hz |
| Measurement range (±) | 75 to 900 °/s |
Rate of rotation sensors are sensors used to measure the speed or rate of rotation of a rotating body. They are also known as gyroscopes. Rate of rotation sensors are based on the Coriolis effect, which states that a rotating body exerts an inertial force on an object oriented on a different axis.
There are two types of angular rate sensor: mechanical and optical. Mechanical angular rate sensors use a rotating mass that is deflected by the Coriolis force. A measuring spring detects the deflection and converts it into an electrical signal. Optical angular rate sensors use an optical fibre to measure the deflection of the rotating mass. A laser diode sends a beam of light through the fibre and a detector measures the change in the reflected light.
Angular rate sensors are used in many applications such as aircraft, ships, cars and other vehicles to measure the movement and orientation of the vehicle. They are also used in aerospace, robotics and industrial automation. In medical technology, angular rate sensors are used to measure movements of the human body, such as head or arm movements.
The accuracy of angular rate sensors depends on several factors such as resolution, sensitivity, stability and temperature dependence. Some sensors have high sensitivity and resolution, but can be susceptible to disturbances such as vibration or shock. Other sensors have higher stability and robustness, but lower resolution and sensitivity. The selection of the right rotation rate sensor depends on the application and the requirements for accuracy and stability of the measurement.
There are two types of angular rate sensor: mechanical and optical. Mechanical angular rate sensors use a rotating mass that is deflected by the Coriolis force. A measuring spring detects the deflection and converts it into an electrical signal. Optical angular rate sensors use an optical fibre to measure the deflection of the rotating mass. A laser diode sends a beam of light through the fibre and a detector measures the change in the reflected light.
Angular rate sensors are used in many applications such as aircraft, ships, cars and other vehicles to measure the movement and orientation of the vehicle. They are also used in aerospace, robotics and industrial automation. In medical technology, angular rate sensors are used to measure movements of the human body, such as head or arm movements.
The accuracy of angular rate sensors depends on several factors such as resolution, sensitivity, stability and temperature dependence. Some sensors have high sensitivity and resolution, but can be susceptible to disturbances such as vibration or shock. Other sensors have higher stability and robustness, but lower resolution and sensitivity. The selection of the right rotation rate sensor depends on the application and the requirements for accuracy and stability of the measurement.
What are angular rate sensors and what are they used for?
Rotational rate sensors, also known as gyroscopes, are electronic sensors used to measure the speed or rate of rotation of an object. They detect changes in the alignment or orientation of an object in space.
Angular rate sensors are used in various applications, including:
1. Navigation systems: They are used in airplanes, ships and vehicles to determine the direction and orientation and to maintain the course.
2. Robotics: Rotational rate sensors are used in robots to control their movements and monitor their alignment.
3. Virtual reality and augmented reality: They are used in VR and AR systems to detect the user's head movements and adapt the virtual environment accordingly.
4. Drones and UAVs: Turn rate sensors are used to ensure the stability and controllability of drones and unmanned aerial vehicles.
5. Game consoles and controllers: Rotational rate sensors are used in game consoles and controllers such as the Nintendo Switch to capture the player's movements and integrate them into the game.
6. Sports and fitness equipment: They are used in fitness trackers and sports watches to monitor and track the user's movements and activities.
Rotation rate sensors are therefore versatile sensors that are used in a variety of applications where the measurement of rotation speed or rate is important.
Angular rate sensors are used in various applications, including:
1. Navigation systems: They are used in airplanes, ships and vehicles to determine the direction and orientation and to maintain the course.
2. Robotics: Rotational rate sensors are used in robots to control their movements and monitor their alignment.
3. Virtual reality and augmented reality: They are used in VR and AR systems to detect the user's head movements and adapt the virtual environment accordingly.
4. Drones and UAVs: Turn rate sensors are used to ensure the stability and controllability of drones and unmanned aerial vehicles.
5. Game consoles and controllers: Rotational rate sensors are used in game consoles and controllers such as the Nintendo Switch to capture the player's movements and integrate them into the game.
6. Sports and fitness equipment: They are used in fitness trackers and sports watches to monitor and track the user's movements and activities.
Rotation rate sensors are therefore versatile sensors that are used in a variety of applications where the measurement of rotation speed or rate is important.
How do angular rate sensors work and how do they detect rotary movements?
Rotation rate sensors, also known as gyroscopes, detect rotational movements or rotation rates around an axis. They are based on the principle of the Coriolis force.
Inside a rotation rate sensor there is a rotating mass that is held in the rest position by a spring or magnetic forces. When a rotary movement takes place around the axis of the sensor, the Coriolis force acts on the rotating mass. This force causes a deflection of the mass perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
The deflection is converted into electrical signals and recorded by sensors. These signals are then processed by a microcontroller or other device to calculate the speed or rotation.
There are different types of angular rate sensors, including mechanical and optical sensors. Mechanical sensors use a mechanical deflection of the mass, while optical sensors use light beams to measure the deflection.
Rotational rate sensors are used in various applications, such as in aviation for flight control, in robotics for position detection and stabilization, in navigation for determining orientation and in virtual reality for detecting the user's rotational movements.
Inside a rotation rate sensor there is a rotating mass that is held in the rest position by a spring or magnetic forces. When a rotary movement takes place around the axis of the sensor, the Coriolis force acts on the rotating mass. This force causes a deflection of the mass perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
The deflection is converted into electrical signals and recorded by sensors. These signals are then processed by a microcontroller or other device to calculate the speed or rotation.
There are different types of angular rate sensors, including mechanical and optical sensors. Mechanical sensors use a mechanical deflection of the mass, while optical sensors use light beams to measure the deflection.
Rotational rate sensors are used in various applications, such as in aviation for flight control, in robotics for position detection and stabilization, in navigation for determining orientation and in virtual reality for detecting the user's rotational movements.
What types of angular rate sensors are there and what are the differences between them?
There are various types of angular rate sensors, which differ in their mode of operation and areas of application. The three most common types are:
1. Mechanical angular rate sensors: These sensors use mechanical principles to detect changes in the rotation rate. Examples of this are gyro instruments or gyro compass systems. They are based on the principle of gyro stabilization and are often used in the aerospace industry. Mechanical angular rate sensors are robust and can measure high angular rates, but have a limited measuring range.
2. Optical angular rate sensors: These sensors use optical principles to detect rotary movements. They consist of a light source, a movable reflector and a receiver. As the reflector rotates, the intensity of the reflected light changes, allowing the rotation rate to be measured. Optical angular rate sensors are precise and can measure high angular rates, but have a limited resolution.
3. MEMS angular rate sensors: MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) angular rate sensors are miniaturized sensors based on microelectromechanical principles. They consist of tiny mechanical structures that deform when rotated, thereby generating electrical signals. MEMS angular rate sensors are small, inexpensive and have a high resolution. They are frequently used in the automotive industry, robotics and electronics.
The differences between the various types of angular rate sensors lie in their measuring accuracy, their measuring range, their robustness, their size, their energy consumption and their price. Depending on the application, a certain type of angular rate sensor may be more suitable than others.
1. Mechanical angular rate sensors: These sensors use mechanical principles to detect changes in the rotation rate. Examples of this are gyro instruments or gyro compass systems. They are based on the principle of gyro stabilization and are often used in the aerospace industry. Mechanical angular rate sensors are robust and can measure high angular rates, but have a limited measuring range.
2. Optical angular rate sensors: These sensors use optical principles to detect rotary movements. They consist of a light source, a movable reflector and a receiver. As the reflector rotates, the intensity of the reflected light changes, allowing the rotation rate to be measured. Optical angular rate sensors are precise and can measure high angular rates, but have a limited resolution.
3. MEMS angular rate sensors: MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) angular rate sensors are miniaturized sensors based on microelectromechanical principles. They consist of tiny mechanical structures that deform when rotated, thereby generating electrical signals. MEMS angular rate sensors are small, inexpensive and have a high resolution. They are frequently used in the automotive industry, robotics and electronics.
The differences between the various types of angular rate sensors lie in their measuring accuracy, their measuring range, their robustness, their size, their energy consumption and their price. Depending on the application, a certain type of angular rate sensor may be more suitable than others.
Which technical parameters are important when selecting angular rate sensors?
There are a few important technical parameters to consider when selecting angular rate sensors:
1. Measurement range: The measuring range indicates the range in which the angular rate sensor can provide reliable measurements. It should correspond to the expected rotational speeds of the system.
2. Resolution: The resolution indicates how accurately the angular rate sensor can measure small changes in rotational speed. A high resolution enables more precise measurements.
3. Accuracy: The accuracy indicates how closely the measured values of the rotation rate sensor correspond to the actual values. High accuracy is important to ensure reliable measurements.
4. Linearity: The linearity indicates how well the rotation rate sensor represents the actual rotation speed in proportion to the output voltage or output frequency. High linearity is important to enable accurate measurements.
5. Response time: The response time indicates how quickly the rotation rate sensor can detect changes in rotation speed. A fast response time is important for carrying out time-critical measurements.
6. Temperature range: The temperature range indicates the temperature within which the rotation rate sensor can operate reliably. It should correspond to the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used.
7. Interface: The interface of the angular rate sensor specifies how the measurement data can be read out. Common interfaces are analog, digital or serial.
8. Size and weight: The size and weight of the angular rate sensor are important factors when it comes to integration into a system. The smaller and lighter the sensor, the easier it is to integrate into the system.
These parameters should be carefully selected depending on the application and requirements to ensure optimum performance of the angular rate sensor.
1. Measurement range: The measuring range indicates the range in which the angular rate sensor can provide reliable measurements. It should correspond to the expected rotational speeds of the system.
2. Resolution: The resolution indicates how accurately the angular rate sensor can measure small changes in rotational speed. A high resolution enables more precise measurements.
3. Accuracy: The accuracy indicates how closely the measured values of the rotation rate sensor correspond to the actual values. High accuracy is important to ensure reliable measurements.
4. Linearity: The linearity indicates how well the rotation rate sensor represents the actual rotation speed in proportion to the output voltage or output frequency. High linearity is important to enable accurate measurements.
5. Response time: The response time indicates how quickly the rotation rate sensor can detect changes in rotation speed. A fast response time is important for carrying out time-critical measurements.
6. Temperature range: The temperature range indicates the temperature within which the rotation rate sensor can operate reliably. It should correspond to the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used.
7. Interface: The interface of the angular rate sensor specifies how the measurement data can be read out. Common interfaces are analog, digital or serial.
8. Size and weight: The size and weight of the angular rate sensor are important factors when it comes to integration into a system. The smaller and lighter the sensor, the easier it is to integrate into the system.
These parameters should be carefully selected depending on the application and requirements to ensure optimum performance of the angular rate sensor.
What advantages do angular rate sensors offer over other motion sensors?
Rotational rate sensors, also known as gyroscopes or gyro sensors, measure the rotational speed of an object around one or more axes. Compared to other motion sensors such as acceleration sensors, angular rate sensors offer the following advantages:
1. measurement of the rotational speed: Rotation rate sensors are specially designed for detecting rotational movements. They record the angular velocity, i.e. the speed at which an object rotates around an axis. This enables precise measurement of rotational movements.
2. Real-time measurement: Rotation rate sensors provide real-time data on the rotation speed. This is particularly useful in applications where fast movements need to be detected, such as when controlling drones or robots.
3. Independence from gravity: In contrast to acceleration sensors, angular rate sensors are insensitive to gravity. They provide accurate measurements regardless of whether the object is in a horizontal or vertical position.
4. Compact design: As a rule, angular rate sensors are small and compact. This means they can be easily integrated into various devices and applications.
5. Accuracy and stability: Modern angular rate sensors offer high accuracy and stability. They can also detect small and subtle movements and provide precise data that can be used to control and navigate devices.
These advantages make angular rate sensors a popular choice in many applications, including navigation systems, virtual reality headsets, vehicle stabilization systems and much more.
1. measurement of the rotational speed: Rotation rate sensors are specially designed for detecting rotational movements. They record the angular velocity, i.e. the speed at which an object rotates around an axis. This enables precise measurement of rotational movements.
2. Real-time measurement: Rotation rate sensors provide real-time data on the rotation speed. This is particularly useful in applications where fast movements need to be detected, such as when controlling drones or robots.
3. Independence from gravity: In contrast to acceleration sensors, angular rate sensors are insensitive to gravity. They provide accurate measurements regardless of whether the object is in a horizontal or vertical position.
4. Compact design: As a rule, angular rate sensors are small and compact. This means they can be easily integrated into various devices and applications.
5. Accuracy and stability: Modern angular rate sensors offer high accuracy and stability. They can also detect small and subtle movements and provide precise data that can be used to control and navigate devices.
These advantages make angular rate sensors a popular choice in many applications, including navigation systems, virtual reality headsets, vehicle stabilization systems and much more.
How accurate are angular rate sensors and what factors can influence their accuracy?
Rotation rate sensors are devices that are used to measure the change in the rotational speed or rotation rate of an object. They are often referred to as gyroscopes and can be used in various applications, such as navigation technology, robotics or aerospace.
The accuracy of angular rate sensors can be influenced by various factors, including
1. Noise: Every sensor is susceptible to noise, which can affect the accuracy of the measurements. Noise can be caused by electrical interference, mechanical vibrations or other external influences.
2. Bias error: Bias errors refer to a systematic deviation of the sensor from the actual measurement. This can be caused by internal factors such as inaccuracies in sensor production or by external factors such as temperature fluctuations.
3. Scale factor error: Scale factor errors refer to a systematic deviation of the sensor in relation to the actual rotation. This can be caused by inaccuracies during calibration or by ageing of the sensor.
4. Cross-axis sensitivity: Rotation rate sensors can also react sensitively to rotations in other axes that are not to be measured. This can lead to unwanted measurements and affect the accuracy.
5. Temperature dependence: The accuracy of angular rate sensors can be affected by temperature fluctuations. Different temperatures can lead to different attributes of the sensor, which can lead to measurement errors.
Various measures can be taken to improve the accuracy of angular rate sensors, such as precise calibration, minimizing vibrations and using temperature compensation techniques. It is also important to operate the sensor in an environment that is free from interfering influences in order to optimize the measurements.
The accuracy of angular rate sensors can be influenced by various factors, including
1. Noise: Every sensor is susceptible to noise, which can affect the accuracy of the measurements. Noise can be caused by electrical interference, mechanical vibrations or other external influences.
2. Bias error: Bias errors refer to a systematic deviation of the sensor from the actual measurement. This can be caused by internal factors such as inaccuracies in sensor production or by external factors such as temperature fluctuations.
3. Scale factor error: Scale factor errors refer to a systematic deviation of the sensor in relation to the actual rotation. This can be caused by inaccuracies during calibration or by ageing of the sensor.
4. Cross-axis sensitivity: Rotation rate sensors can also react sensitively to rotations in other axes that are not to be measured. This can lead to unwanted measurements and affect the accuracy.
5. Temperature dependence: The accuracy of angular rate sensors can be affected by temperature fluctuations. Different temperatures can lead to different attributes of the sensor, which can lead to measurement errors.
Various measures can be taken to improve the accuracy of angular rate sensors, such as precise calibration, minimizing vibrations and using temperature compensation techniques. It is also important to operate the sensor in an environment that is free from interfering influences in order to optimize the measurements.
What challenges are there when integrating angular rate sensors into different devices or systems?
When integrating angular rate sensors into various devices or systems, there are a few challenges to consider:
1. Compatibility: The angular rate sensors must be compatible with the existing interfaces and communication protocols of the device or system. This may limit the selection of suitable sensors or require additional hardware adaptations.
2. Calibration: Angular rate sensors must be calibrated in order to provide accurate measurement results. This often requires complex procedures and special calibration devices to minimize measurement errors.
3. susceptibility to faults: Rotation rate sensors can be sensitive to external influences such as vibrations, temperature fluctuations or electromagnetic interference. It is important to identify these potential sources of interference and take appropriate measures to ensure that the accuracy of the measurements is not impaired.
4. Space requirement: Rate of rotation sensors often require a specific installation surface or mounting position in order to be able to carry out correct measurements. When integrating into small or already fully developed devices, it can be difficult to find enough space for the sensor.
5. Energy consumption: Rate of rotation sensors can have a considerable energy consumption, especially if they are operated continuously. This may affect the battery life of portable devices or require additional power sources.
6. Data processing: Rotational rate sensors provide continuous data streams that need to be processed in real time to generate useful information. The integration of signal processing algorithms and the efficient use of data can be a challenge.
These challenges require careful planning and coordination between the developers of angular rate sensors and the manufacturers or developers of devices or systems to ensure successful integration.
1. Compatibility: The angular rate sensors must be compatible with the existing interfaces and communication protocols of the device or system. This may limit the selection of suitable sensors or require additional hardware adaptations.
2. Calibration: Angular rate sensors must be calibrated in order to provide accurate measurement results. This often requires complex procedures and special calibration devices to minimize measurement errors.
3. susceptibility to faults: Rotation rate sensors can be sensitive to external influences such as vibrations, temperature fluctuations or electromagnetic interference. It is important to identify these potential sources of interference and take appropriate measures to ensure that the accuracy of the measurements is not impaired.
4. Space requirement: Rate of rotation sensors often require a specific installation surface or mounting position in order to be able to carry out correct measurements. When integrating into small or already fully developed devices, it can be difficult to find enough space for the sensor.
5. Energy consumption: Rate of rotation sensors can have a considerable energy consumption, especially if they are operated continuously. This may affect the battery life of portable devices or require additional power sources.
6. Data processing: Rotational rate sensors provide continuous data streams that need to be processed in real time to generate useful information. The integration of signal processing algorithms and the efficient use of data can be a challenge.
These challenges require careful planning and coordination between the developers of angular rate sensors and the manufacturers or developers of devices or systems to ensure successful integration.