| Weight | 1.1 kg |
| Sealing material | PVDF |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 1x 4-20 mA (2-wire) |
pH measurement devices
1 - 13
| Weight | 0.542 kg |
| Sealing material | PVDF |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 2x 4-20 mA (3-wire) |
| Weight | 1.11 kg |
| Sealing material | PVC |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 2x 4-20 mA (3-wire) |
| Weight | 1.1 kg |
| Sealing material | PVC |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 1x 4-20 mA (2-wire) |
| Weight | 1.1 kg |
| Sealing material | PVC |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 1x 4-20 mA (2-wire) |
| Weight | 1.142 kg |
| Sealing material | PVDF |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 1x 4-20 mA (2-wire) |
| Weight | 0.8 kg |
| Sealing material | PVC |
| Electrical connection | Connection cable |
| Weight | 1.125 kg |
| Sealing material | PVDF |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 2x 4-20 mA (3-wire) |
| Weight | 1.15 kg |
| Sealing material | PVC |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 2x 4-20 mA (3-wire) |
| Weight | 0.8 kg |
| Sealing material | PVC |
| Signal output | 2x transistor + 2x 4-20 mA (3-wire) |
| Resolution, pH | 0.01 pH |
| Accuracy pH (±) | 0.07 to 0.2 pH |
| pH measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Resolution, pH | 0.01 pH |
| Accuracy pH (±) | 0.02 pH |
| pH measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Resolution, pH | 0.01 pH |
| Accuracy pH (±) | 0.02 pH |
| pH measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
pH meters - precision for chemical analysis
pH meters are essential instruments in chemical analysis and are used to determine the pH of a solution. The pH value provides information about the acidic or basic character of a substance and is an important measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. In many areas of industry, research and environmental monitoring, pH measurements are indispensable.
The operation of a pH meter is based on electrochemical principles. Inside the device there is a pH electrode filled with a buffer solution. The electrode consists of a glass membrane that is sensitive to changes in hydrogen ion concentration. When the electrode is immersed in a solution, an electrical potential is created that is proportional to the pH of the solution. This potential is then measured by a meter and converted into the corresponding pH value.
In order to perform accurate measurements, calibration of the pH electrode is essential. The electrodes are immersed in buffer solutions with known pH values and the measuring instrument is adjusted accordingly. Calibration should be performed regularly to ensure high accuracy of measurements.
pH meters are used in numerous fields of application. In the food industry, for example, they are used to control the pH value of food, as this has an influence on shelf life and quality. pH measurements are also important in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the effectiveness of drugs. In environmental monitoring, pH meters are used to determine the acidity of water bodies and to detect possible environmental pollution.
Choosing the right pH meter is critical for accurate measurements. Different models are available depending on the area of application. Benchtop instruments that offer high accuracy and multiple functions are suitable for use in the laboratory. For mobile use, handy pH meters are often used, which are easy to operate and allow quick measurements.
When purchasing a pH meter, several criteria should be considered. The accuracy and resolution of the instrument are critical for precise measurements. The calibration functions and the possibility of automatic temperature compensation should also be considered. In addition, the robustness of the device is important in order to meet the requirements in the respective field of application.
Overall, pH meters are indispensable tools in chemical analysis. They enable precise and reliable measurements of the pH value of solutions and contribute to quality assurance in various industries. With the continuous development of technology, pH meters are becoming more accurate and user-friendly, further increasing their importance in chemical analysis.
pH meters are essential instruments in chemical analysis and are used to determine the pH of a solution. The pH value provides information about the acidic or basic character of a substance and is an important measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. In many areas of industry, research and environmental monitoring, pH measurements are indispensable.
The operation of a pH meter is based on electrochemical principles. Inside the device there is a pH electrode filled with a buffer solution. The electrode consists of a glass membrane that is sensitive to changes in hydrogen ion concentration. When the electrode is immersed in a solution, an electrical potential is created that is proportional to the pH of the solution. This potential is then measured by a meter and converted into the corresponding pH value.
In order to perform accurate measurements, calibration of the pH electrode is essential. The electrodes are immersed in buffer solutions with known pH values and the measuring instrument is adjusted accordingly. Calibration should be performed regularly to ensure high accuracy of measurements.
pH meters are used in numerous fields of application. In the food industry, for example, they are used to control the pH value of food, as this has an influence on shelf life and quality. pH measurements are also important in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the effectiveness of drugs. In environmental monitoring, pH meters are used to determine the acidity of water bodies and to detect possible environmental pollution.
Choosing the right pH meter is critical for accurate measurements. Different models are available depending on the area of application. Benchtop instruments that offer high accuracy and multiple functions are suitable for use in the laboratory. For mobile use, handy pH meters are often used, which are easy to operate and allow quick measurements.
When purchasing a pH meter, several criteria should be considered. The accuracy and resolution of the instrument are critical for precise measurements. The calibration functions and the possibility of automatic temperature compensation should also be considered. In addition, the robustness of the device is important in order to meet the requirements in the respective field of application.
Overall, pH meters are indispensable tools in chemical analysis. They enable precise and reliable measurements of the pH value of solutions and contribute to quality assurance in various industries. With the continuous development of technology, pH meters are becoming more accurate and user-friendly, further increasing their importance in chemical analysis.
What is a pH meter and how does it work?
A pH meter is an instrument used to measure the pH value of a solution or medium. The pH value indicates whether a solution is acidic, neutral or alkaline. The pH meter normally consists of a pH electrode and a pH meter.
The pH electrode is the actual heart of the meter. It consists of a glass membrane filled with a buffer solution and a pair of reference electrodes. The glass membrane is sensitive to hydrogen ions (H+ ions) in the solution.
The pH measurement works by immersing the pH electrode in the solution to be measured. The H+ ions in the solution interact with the glass membrane of the electrode and generate an electrical voltage. This voltage is recorded by the electrode and transmitted to the pH meter.
The pH meter measures and then displays the pH value of the solution based on the measured voltage. There are digital and analog pH meters that display the pH value on a scale from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are alkaline.
To obtain accurate readings, it is important that the pH electrode is calibrated and cleaned regularly. Calibration is normally carried out with buffer solutions that have known pH values. By comparing the measured voltage with the known pH values, the pH meter can be calibrated correctly.
pH meters are used in many areas, such as chemistry, biology, the food industry, environmental sciences and water analysis, to measure the pH value of various solutions and media.
The pH electrode is the actual heart of the meter. It consists of a glass membrane filled with a buffer solution and a pair of reference electrodes. The glass membrane is sensitive to hydrogen ions (H+ ions) in the solution.
The pH measurement works by immersing the pH electrode in the solution to be measured. The H+ ions in the solution interact with the glass membrane of the electrode and generate an electrical voltage. This voltage is recorded by the electrode and transmitted to the pH meter.
The pH meter measures and then displays the pH value of the solution based on the measured voltage. There are digital and analog pH meters that display the pH value on a scale from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are alkaline.
To obtain accurate readings, it is important that the pH electrode is calibrated and cleaned regularly. Calibration is normally carried out with buffer solutions that have known pH values. By comparing the measured voltage with the known pH values, the pH meter can be calibrated correctly.
pH meters are used in many areas, such as chemistry, biology, the food industry, environmental sciences and water analysis, to measure the pH value of various solutions and media.
What types of pH meters are there and what are they used for?
There are different types of pH meters that are used for different purposes:
1. pH indicator paper: This is the simplest and most cost-effective type of pH meter. It consists of paper strips impregnated with indicator solutions. Depending on the pH value, the color of the paper changes, which makes it possible to read the approximate pH value of a solution. However, this method is not very precise and is more suitable for rough measurements.
2. pH meter: This is the most common and most accurate pH meter. It consists of an electrode that is immersed in the solution and a meter that displays the pH value. There are different types of pH meters, such as glass electrodes, ISE (ion selective electrodes) and field effect transistors (FET). pH meters are used in many areas, such as chemistry, biology, medicine, the food industry and environmental monitoring.
3. pH test strips: This method is similar to the pH indicator paper, but is slightly more accurate. These are plastic strips coated with various indicators that change color on contact with a solution. The color of the strip is then compared to a color chart to read the pH value. pH test strips are commonly used in pool water analysis and various other applications where a quick and inexpensive measurement is required.
4. Portable pH meters: This type of pH meter is compact, battery-operated and easy to use. They are portable and can be used for pH measurement on site. They are often equipped with an electrode and a display to show the pH value.
5. Laboratory pH meters: These pH meters are used in laboratories and offer greater accuracy and precision than portable pH meters. They often enable additional functions such as temperature compensation and automatic data storage.
The use of pH meters varies depending on the application. They are used in chemistry to determine the acidity of a solution, in biology to measure the pH value of cell cultures or tissues, in medicine to diagnose diseases, in the food industry to monitor the pH value of food and in environmental monitoring to determine water quality.
1. pH indicator paper: This is the simplest and most cost-effective type of pH meter. It consists of paper strips impregnated with indicator solutions. Depending on the pH value, the color of the paper changes, which makes it possible to read the approximate pH value of a solution. However, this method is not very precise and is more suitable for rough measurements.
2. pH meter: This is the most common and most accurate pH meter. It consists of an electrode that is immersed in the solution and a meter that displays the pH value. There are different types of pH meters, such as glass electrodes, ISE (ion selective electrodes) and field effect transistors (FET). pH meters are used in many areas, such as chemistry, biology, medicine, the food industry and environmental monitoring.
3. pH test strips: This method is similar to the pH indicator paper, but is slightly more accurate. These are plastic strips coated with various indicators that change color on contact with a solution. The color of the strip is then compared to a color chart to read the pH value. pH test strips are commonly used in pool water analysis and various other applications where a quick and inexpensive measurement is required.
4. Portable pH meters: This type of pH meter is compact, battery-operated and easy to use. They are portable and can be used for pH measurement on site. They are often equipped with an electrode and a display to show the pH value.
5. Laboratory pH meters: These pH meters are used in laboratories and offer greater accuracy and precision than portable pH meters. They often enable additional functions such as temperature compensation and automatic data storage.
The use of pH meters varies depending on the application. They are used in chemistry to determine the acidity of a solution, in biology to measure the pH value of cell cultures or tissues, in medicine to diagnose diseases, in the food industry to monitor the pH value of food and in environmental monitoring to determine water quality.
How accurate are pH meters and what factors can influence their accuracy?
pH meters are devices that can measure the pH value of a solution. They usually consist of an electrode that is connected to a reference electrode. When the electrode is immersed in a solution, a voltage is generated that is proportional to the pH value. This voltage is then converted by the meter into the corresponding pH value.
The accuracy of pH meters can be influenced by various factors. Here are some important factors:
1. Calibration: pH meters must be calibrated regularly in order to provide accurate measurement results. Incorrect calibration can lead to incorrect pH values.
2. Temperature: The pH value of a solution is temperature-dependent. pH measuring devices must therefore either take the temperature of the solution into account or carry out the measurements at a constant temperature.
3. Electrode wear: The electrodes in pH meters can wear out over time, which can lead to inaccurate measurements. It is important to clean and replace the electrodes regularly in order to maintain the accuracy of the measurements.
4. Contamination: If the electrode comes into contact with other substances, this can lead to contamination that affects the measurements. It is important to clean the electrode thoroughly before and after each measurement.
5. Humidity: Some pH meters can react sensitively to moisture. High humidity can lead to condensation, which can affect the accuracy of the measurements.
6. Interference: Some substances in the solution can influence the measurements and lead to incorrect pH values. For example, dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide can change the pH value of a solution.
It is important to consider these factors and take the right measures to ensure the accuracy of pH meters. This includes regular calibration, maintenance and cleaning of the electrodes as well as consideration of temperature and possible interference.
The accuracy of pH meters can be influenced by various factors. Here are some important factors:
1. Calibration: pH meters must be calibrated regularly in order to provide accurate measurement results. Incorrect calibration can lead to incorrect pH values.
2. Temperature: The pH value of a solution is temperature-dependent. pH measuring devices must therefore either take the temperature of the solution into account or carry out the measurements at a constant temperature.
3. Electrode wear: The electrodes in pH meters can wear out over time, which can lead to inaccurate measurements. It is important to clean and replace the electrodes regularly in order to maintain the accuracy of the measurements.
4. Contamination: If the electrode comes into contact with other substances, this can lead to contamination that affects the measurements. It is important to clean the electrode thoroughly before and after each measurement.
5. Humidity: Some pH meters can react sensitively to moisture. High humidity can lead to condensation, which can affect the accuracy of the measurements.
6. Interference: Some substances in the solution can influence the measurements and lead to incorrect pH values. For example, dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide can change the pH value of a solution.
It is important to consider these factors and take the right measures to ensure the accuracy of pH meters. This includes regular calibration, maintenance and cleaning of the electrodes as well as consideration of temperature and possible interference.
How do you calibrate a pH meter and how often should this be done?
To calibrate a pH meter, you need two buffer solutions with known pH values. The first step is to switch on the pH meter and make sure that it is working properly. The electrodes of the device should then be rinsed with distilled water to remove any impurities.
Next, the buffer solutions are prepared. A buffer solution with a pH value of 4 and another with a pH value of 7 or 10 are recommended. The pH values may vary depending on the area of application.
The electrode of the pH meter is first immersed in the buffer solution with the lower pH value (e.g. pH 4). Make sure that the electrode is completely surrounded by the solution. After the meter has stabilized, the pH value is read from the display and compared with the known pH value of the buffer solution. If the meter shows a difference, the pH value can be adjusted using the calibration screws on the device until it matches the known pH value.
The same procedure is then carried out with the buffer solution of a higher pH value (e.g. pH 7 or 10) in order to check the accuracy of the pH meter and adjust it if necessary.
How often a pH meter should be calibrated depends on the frequency of use and the specific requirements. It is generally recommended to calibrate the pH meter at least once a month. However, if the device is used frequently or in critical applications, more frequent calibration may be required, for example once a week or even daily. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and adjust the calibration frequency accordingly to ensure accurate measurement.
Next, the buffer solutions are prepared. A buffer solution with a pH value of 4 and another with a pH value of 7 or 10 are recommended. The pH values may vary depending on the area of application.
The electrode of the pH meter is first immersed in the buffer solution with the lower pH value (e.g. pH 4). Make sure that the electrode is completely surrounded by the solution. After the meter has stabilized, the pH value is read from the display and compared with the known pH value of the buffer solution. If the meter shows a difference, the pH value can be adjusted using the calibration screws on the device until it matches the known pH value.
The same procedure is then carried out with the buffer solution of a higher pH value (e.g. pH 7 or 10) in order to check the accuracy of the pH meter and adjust it if necessary.
How often a pH meter should be calibrated depends on the frequency of use and the specific requirements. It is generally recommended to calibrate the pH meter at least once a month. However, if the device is used frequently or in critical applications, more frequent calibration may be required, for example once a week or even daily. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and adjust the calibration frequency accordingly to ensure accurate measurement.
What areas of application are there for pH meters in industry and research?
pH meters are used in industry and research in a wide range of applications. Here are some examples:
1. Chemical industry: pH meters are used to monitor the pH value of solutions and reaction mixtures to ensure that the desired chemical reactions take place.
2. Food and beverage industry: pH meters are used to measure the pH value of food and beverages to ensure that they have the desired quality and shelf life.
3. Water and wastewater treatment: pH meters are used to measure the pH of water samples to ensure that they meet the required standards and are safe for human consumption.
4. Biotechnology: pH meters are used to monitor the pH value of cultures and fermentation processes to ensure optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms and the production of biomolecules.
5. Environmental monitoring: pH meters are used to measure the pH of soil samples, water and other environmental samples to detect changes in environmental quality and monitor pollution.
6. Medical research: pH meters are used to measure the pH value of biological samples such as blood, urine or cell cultures in order to obtain information about a person's state of health or the progress of a disease.
7. Pharmaceutical industry: pH meters are used to monitor the pH of drugs and drug preparations to ensure that they have the desired stability and efficacy.
These are just a few examples of the wide range of applications for pH meters in industry and research. In many areas in which chemical reactions, biological processes or environmental monitoring play a role, pH measurement is of great importance.
1. Chemical industry: pH meters are used to monitor the pH value of solutions and reaction mixtures to ensure that the desired chemical reactions take place.
2. Food and beverage industry: pH meters are used to measure the pH value of food and beverages to ensure that they have the desired quality and shelf life.
3. Water and wastewater treatment: pH meters are used to measure the pH of water samples to ensure that they meet the required standards and are safe for human consumption.
4. Biotechnology: pH meters are used to monitor the pH value of cultures and fermentation processes to ensure optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms and the production of biomolecules.
5. Environmental monitoring: pH meters are used to measure the pH of soil samples, water and other environmental samples to detect changes in environmental quality and monitor pollution.
6. Medical research: pH meters are used to measure the pH value of biological samples such as blood, urine or cell cultures in order to obtain information about a person's state of health or the progress of a disease.
7. Pharmaceutical industry: pH meters are used to monitor the pH of drugs and drug preparations to ensure that they have the desired stability and efficacy.
These are just a few examples of the wide range of applications for pH meters in industry and research. In many areas in which chemical reactions, biological processes or environmental monitoring play a role, pH measurement is of great importance.
How are pH measuring devices used in the food industry and what requirements do they have to meet?
pH measuring devices are used in the food industry to measure the pH value of food and beverages. The pH value is a measure of the acidity of a substance and can provide important information about the quality, shelf life and safety of food.
The demands placed on pH measuring devices in the food industry are high, as they must deliver accurate and reliable results. Here are some of the most important requirements:
1. Accuracy: pH meters must have a high level of accuracy in order to provide precise measurement results. A deviation of just a few hundredths of a pH can already lead to incorrect results.
2. Speed: In the food industry, rapid measurement of the pH value is often required in order not to delay the production process. pH measuring devices should therefore be able to react quickly to changes in the pH value.
3. Hygiene: Food hygiene is of crucial importance. pH meters must therefore be easy to clean and disinfect to avoid contamination. They should also be waterproof to prevent damage from liquids.
4. Robustness: pH measuring devices must be able to withstand the demanding conditions in the food industry, such as high temperatures, humidity and aggressive substances.
5. Calibration: pH meters must be calibrated regularly to ensure their accuracy. Calibration should be quick and easy to carry out so as not to hinder the production process.
6. Documentation: In the food industry, it is important to document measurement results. pH meters should therefore offer the option of saving and exporting measurement data.
These requirements ensure that pH meters can be used effectively and safely in the food industry to monitor product quality and ensure compliance with food standards.
The demands placed on pH measuring devices in the food industry are high, as they must deliver accurate and reliable results. Here are some of the most important requirements:
1. Accuracy: pH meters must have a high level of accuracy in order to provide precise measurement results. A deviation of just a few hundredths of a pH can already lead to incorrect results.
2. Speed: In the food industry, rapid measurement of the pH value is often required in order not to delay the production process. pH measuring devices should therefore be able to react quickly to changes in the pH value.
3. Hygiene: Food hygiene is of crucial importance. pH meters must therefore be easy to clean and disinfect to avoid contamination. They should also be waterproof to prevent damage from liquids.
4. Robustness: pH measuring devices must be able to withstand the demanding conditions in the food industry, such as high temperatures, humidity and aggressive substances.
5. Calibration: pH meters must be calibrated regularly to ensure their accuracy. Calibration should be quick and easy to carry out so as not to hinder the production process.
6. Documentation: In the food industry, it is important to document measurement results. pH meters should therefore offer the option of saving and exporting measurement data.
These requirements ensure that pH meters can be used effectively and safely in the food industry to monitor product quality and ensure compliance with food standards.
What advantages do digital pH meters offer compared to analog devices?
Digital pH meters offer several advantages compared to analog devices:
1. Accuracy: Digital pH meters generally provide a higher accuracy when measuring the pH value. They can display the pH value with an accuracy of up to two decimal places, whereas analog devices only offer limited accuracy.
2. Simple reading: Digital devices have a digital display that clearly shows the measured pH value. This makes reading easier compared to analog devices, where a scale has to be read.
3. Automatic calibration: Many digital pH meters have an automatic calibration function. This enables simple and accurate calibration of the device, which has to be done manually with analog devices.
4. Data storage: Digital pH meters can store measured values, which is useful for tracking changes over a period of time. This is not possible with analog devices.
5. Ease of use: Digital pH meters are generally more user-friendly as they have intuitive controls and menus. They often also offer additional functions such as temperature compensation and automatic switch-off.
6. Versatility: Digital pH meters can be used for different applications as they often have different measurement modes, e.g. for liquids, soil or food. Analog devices are normally limited to a specific area of application.
Overall, digital pH meters offer greater accuracy, ease of reading, automatic calibration, data storage, ease of use and versatility compared to analog meters. They are therefore often the preferred choice for precise pH measurements.
1. Accuracy: Digital pH meters generally provide a higher accuracy when measuring the pH value. They can display the pH value with an accuracy of up to two decimal places, whereas analog devices only offer limited accuracy.
2. Simple reading: Digital devices have a digital display that clearly shows the measured pH value. This makes reading easier compared to analog devices, where a scale has to be read.
3. Automatic calibration: Many digital pH meters have an automatic calibration function. This enables simple and accurate calibration of the device, which has to be done manually with analog devices.
4. Data storage: Digital pH meters can store measured values, which is useful for tracking changes over a period of time. This is not possible with analog devices.
5. Ease of use: Digital pH meters are generally more user-friendly as they have intuitive controls and menus. They often also offer additional functions such as temperature compensation and automatic switch-off.
6. Versatility: Digital pH meters can be used for different applications as they often have different measurement modes, e.g. for liquids, soil or food. Analog devices are normally limited to a specific area of application.
Overall, digital pH meters offer greater accuracy, ease of reading, automatic calibration, data storage, ease of use and versatility compared to analog meters. They are therefore often the preferred choice for precise pH measurements.
What sources of error can occur when using pH meters and how can they be avoided?
Various sources of error can occur when using pH meters. Some common sources of error are:
1. Electrode contamination: If the pH electrode is dirty, this can lead to inaccurate measurement results. To avoid this, the electrode should be rinsed regularly with distilled water and calibrated before and after each measurement.
2. Improper calibration: Incorrect calibration can lead to incorrect measurement results. It is important to calibrate the pH electrode according to the manufacturer's instructions and to use the correct buffer solutions.
3. Temperature fluctuations: The pH value can be influenced by the temperature. It is therefore important to keep the temperature constant during the pH measurement or to correct it by using the temperature compensation function of the pH meter.
4. Contamination of the sample: If the sample is contaminated, this can lead to incorrect measurement results. It is important to use clean and correctly prepared samples.
5. Electrode ageing: pH electrodes wear out over time and must be replaced regularly to ensure accurate measurement results.
To avoid these sources of error, it is important to maintain and calibrate the pH electrode regularly, use clean samples, check the temperature and replace the electrode regularly. It is also advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully and to undergo training on the correct use of pH meters.
1. Electrode contamination: If the pH electrode is dirty, this can lead to inaccurate measurement results. To avoid this, the electrode should be rinsed regularly with distilled water and calibrated before and after each measurement.
2. Improper calibration: Incorrect calibration can lead to incorrect measurement results. It is important to calibrate the pH electrode according to the manufacturer's instructions and to use the correct buffer solutions.
3. Temperature fluctuations: The pH value can be influenced by the temperature. It is therefore important to keep the temperature constant during the pH measurement or to correct it by using the temperature compensation function of the pH meter.
4. Contamination of the sample: If the sample is contaminated, this can lead to incorrect measurement results. It is important to use clean and correctly prepared samples.
5. Electrode ageing: pH electrodes wear out over time and must be replaced regularly to ensure accurate measurement results.
To avoid these sources of error, it is important to maintain and calibrate the pH electrode regularly, use clean samples, check the temperature and replace the electrode regularly. It is also advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully and to undergo training on the correct use of pH meters.