| Applications | Fisheries & Aquaculture Waste management |
| Temperature resolution | 0.1 °C |
| Resolution | 1 µS/cm |
| Temperature measurement range | 0 to 60 °C |
Conductivity sensors
Conductivity sensors are devices used to measure the conductivity of liquids or solutions. Conductivity is a measure of the ability of a solution to conduct electricity and depends on the concentration of ions dissolved in it. Conductivity sensors can be used in the chemical industry, food industry, environmental monitoring and other applications.
A conductivity sensor consists of two electrodes immersed in the liquid or solution. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric current flows through the liquid. Conductivity is measured by measuring the strength of the current between the electrodes.
Conductivity sensors can be constructed in a variety of ways, for example as cells with flat or cylindrical electrodes, or as non-contact sensors that can measure conductivity through the wall of the measuring vessel. The accuracy and sensitivity of conductivity sensors depend on various factors such as the size and shape of the electrodes, the sensitivity of the signal processing and the accuracy of the calibration.
Conductivity sensors are used in many applications, for example in the chemical industry to monitor the conductivity of solutions and in the food industry to monitor the concentration of salts and other constituents in liquids.
Choosing the right conductivity sensor depends on the type of solution whose conductivity needs to be measured and the specific requirements for the measurement, such as accuracy, sensitivity and measuring range.
... Read more
A conductivity sensor consists of two electrodes immersed in the liquid or solution. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric current flows through the liquid. Conductivity is measured by measuring the strength of the current between the electrodes.
Conductivity sensors can be constructed in a variety of ways, for example as cells with flat or cylindrical electrodes, or as non-contact sensors that can measure conductivity through the wall of the measuring vessel. The accuracy and sensitivity of conductivity sensors depend on various factors such as the size and shape of the electrodes, the sensitivity of the signal processing and the accuracy of the calibration.
Conductivity sensors are used in many applications, for example in the chemical industry to monitor the conductivity of solutions and in the food industry to monitor the concentration of salts and other constituents in liquids.
Choosing the right conductivity sensor depends on the type of solution whose conductivity needs to be measured and the specific requirements for the measurement, such as accuracy, sensitivity and measuring range.
... Read more
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| Baud rate | 19,200 to 25,599.9869 bit/s |
| Temperature measurement range | -50 to 200 °C |
| Process pressure | -1 to 16 bar |
| Baud rate | 19,200 to 25,599.9869 bit/s |
| Temperature measurement range | -50 to 200 °C |
| Process pressure | -1 to 16 bar |
| Baud rate | 19,200 to 25,599.9869 bit/s |
| Process pressure | -1 to 16 bar |
| Temperature measurement range | -50 to 200 °C |
| Installation length | 100 mm |
| Weight | 360 g |
| Housing material/ materials | PA6-GF/GK |
| Installation length | 100 mm |
| Weight | 360 g |
| Housing material/ materials | PA6-GF/GK |
| Weight | 360 g |
| Installation length | 100 mm |
| Housing material/ materials | PA6-GF/GK |
| Installation length | 100 mm |
| Weight | 360 g |
| Housing material/ materials | PA6-GF/GK |
| Installation length | 100 mm |
| Weight | 360 g |
| Housing material/ materials | PA6-GF/GK |
| Installation length | 100 mm |
| Weight | 360 g |
| Housing material/ materials | PA6-GF/GK |
| Installation length | 100 mm |
| Weight | 360 g |
| Housing material/ materials | PA6-GF/GK |
| Baud rate | 19,200 to 25,599.9869 bit/s |
| Process pressure | -1 to 16 bar |
| Temperature measurement range | -50 to 200 °C |
| Temperature measurement range | -25 to 150 °C |
| Measuring range conductivity | 100 to 15,000 µS/cm |
| Measurement possibilities | Conductivity Temperature |
| Temperature measurement range | -25 to 150 °C |
| Measuring range conductivity | 100 to 1,000,000 µS/cm |
| Measurement possibilities | Conductivity Temperature |
| Installation length | 20 to 50 mm |
| Housing material/ materials | PEEK VA |
| Process pressure | 16 bar |
| Installation length | 100 mm |
| Temperature measurement range | 0 to 135 °C |
| Process pressure | 9 to 16 bar |
| Installation length | 60 mm |
| Temperature measurement range | 0 to 135 °C |
| Process pressure | 9 to 16 bar |
| Installation length | 60 mm |
| Temperature measurement range | 0 to 135 °C |
| Process pressure | 9 to 16 bar |
| Process pressure | 10 bar |
| Temperature measurement range | -30 to 150 °C |
| Measuring range conductivity | 0.5 µS/cm to 1,000 mS/cm |
In the conductive measurement method, the measuring cell consists of two or four open electrodes to which an AC voltage is applied. The measured medium is in direct contact with the electrodes. Four-electrode measuring cells can compensate for cable resistance and polarization resistance. Four-electrode measuring cells cover a wide conductivity measuring range. In the inductive measuring method there are no measuring electrodes that come into contact with the measured medium. This means that problems affecting the measurement result, such as polarization effects and deposits on the measuring electrode, do not occur. The disadvantage of inductive conductivity sensors is the relatively high value of the beginning of the measurement range. In the conductive measurement method, the measuring cell consists of two or four open electrodes to which an AC voltage is applied. The measured medium is in direct contact with the electrodes. Four-electrode measuring cells can compensate for cable resistance and polarization resistance. Four-electrode measuring cells cover a wide conductivity measuring range. In the inductive measuring method there are no measuring electrodes that come into contact with the measured medium. This means that problems affecting the measurement result, such as polarization effects and deposits on the measuring electrode, do not occur. The disadvantage of inductive conductivity sensors is the relatively high value of the beginning of the measurement range. In the conductive measurement method, the measuring cell consists of two or four open electrodes to which an AC voltage is applied. The measured medium is in direct contact with the electrodes. Four-electrode measuring cells can compensate for cable resistance and polarization resistance. Four-electrode measuring cells cover a wide conductivity measuring range. In the inductive measuring method there are no measuring electrodes that come into contact with the measured medium. This means that problems affecting the measurement result, such as polarization effects and deposits on the measuring electrode, do not occur. The disadvantage of inductive conductivity sensors is the relatively high value of the beginning of the measurement range.
What are conductivity sensors and how do they work?
Conductivity sensors are electronic devices that are used to measure the electrical conductivity of liquids. They are used in various applications, such as in water and wastewater treatment, in the food industry or in environmental monitoring.
The functionality of a conductivity sensor is based on the principle of measuring the electrical resistance of a liquid. A typical conductivity sensor consists of two electrodes that are immersed in the liquid. An electrical voltage is applied between the electrodes and the sensor measures the current flow between the electrodes.
The electrical conductivity of a liquid depends on the number and mobility of the dissolved ions. The more ions there are in the liquid and the better they can move, the higher the conductivity. If a liquid has a low conductivity, this means that only a few ions are present or that they only move slowly.
The conductivity sensor measures the resistance of the current flow between the electrodes. This resistance is directly proportional to the conductivity of the liquid. The sensor converts the resistance value into an electrical signal that can then be interpreted by a measuring device or a control system.
Conductivity sensors can be used in various configurations, for example as disposable sensors for single use or as robust sensors for long-term use. They are generally easy to operate and do not require complex calibration. The measurement results can be used to monitor the condition of the liquid, detect impurities or determine the content of dissolved substances.
The functionality of a conductivity sensor is based on the principle of measuring the electrical resistance of a liquid. A typical conductivity sensor consists of two electrodes that are immersed in the liquid. An electrical voltage is applied between the electrodes and the sensor measures the current flow between the electrodes.
The electrical conductivity of a liquid depends on the number and mobility of the dissolved ions. The more ions there are in the liquid and the better they can move, the higher the conductivity. If a liquid has a low conductivity, this means that only a few ions are present or that they only move slowly.
The conductivity sensor measures the resistance of the current flow between the electrodes. This resistance is directly proportional to the conductivity of the liquid. The sensor converts the resistance value into an electrical signal that can then be interpreted by a measuring device or a control system.
Conductivity sensors can be used in various configurations, for example as disposable sensors for single use or as robust sensors for long-term use. They are generally easy to operate and do not require complex calibration. The measurement results can be used to monitor the condition of the liquid, detect impurities or determine the content of dissolved substances.
What areas of application are there for conductivity sensors?
Conductivity sensors are used in various areas of application. Some of them are:
1. Water and wastewater treatment: Conductivity sensors are used to monitor the conductivity of water in wastewater treatment plants, drinking water treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment plants. They help to detect impurities or changes in water quality.
2. Food and beverage industry: Conductivity sensors are used to monitor the quality and purity of food and beverages. They can be used in milk production, for example, to measure the fat content in milk.
3. Chemical industry: Conductivity sensors are used in the chemical industry to measure the concentration of dissolved ions in liquids. This helps with process monitoring and quality assurance.
4. Environmental monitoring: Conductivity sensors are used to monitor water quality in rivers, lakes and oceans. They can detect changes in conductivity that indicate environmental pollution or other problems.
5. Pharmaceutical industry: In the pharmaceutical industry, conductivity sensors are used to check the purity of solutions and to monitor production processes.
6. Biotechnology: Conductivity sensors are used in biotechnology to monitor the concentration of dissolved substances in fermentation processes. This helps to optimize process conditions and product quality.
This list is not exhaustive, as there are many other areas of application for conductivity sensors.
1. Water and wastewater treatment: Conductivity sensors are used to monitor the conductivity of water in wastewater treatment plants, drinking water treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment plants. They help to detect impurities or changes in water quality.
2. Food and beverage industry: Conductivity sensors are used to monitor the quality and purity of food and beverages. They can be used in milk production, for example, to measure the fat content in milk.
3. Chemical industry: Conductivity sensors are used in the chemical industry to measure the concentration of dissolved ions in liquids. This helps with process monitoring and quality assurance.
4. Environmental monitoring: Conductivity sensors are used to monitor water quality in rivers, lakes and oceans. They can detect changes in conductivity that indicate environmental pollution or other problems.
5. Pharmaceutical industry: In the pharmaceutical industry, conductivity sensors are used to check the purity of solutions and to monitor production processes.
6. Biotechnology: Conductivity sensors are used in biotechnology to monitor the concentration of dissolved substances in fermentation processes. This helps to optimize process conditions and product quality.
This list is not exhaustive, as there are many other areas of application for conductivity sensors.
What advantages do conductivity sensors offer compared to other sensor types?
Conductivity sensors offer several advantages compared to other sensor types:
1. Easy handling: Conductivity sensors are generally easy to install and operate. They do not require any complicated calibrations or settings.
2. Wide range of applications: Conductivity sensors can be used in various areas, including measuring water quality, monitoring chemical processes, controlling cleaning and disinfection processes and monitoring industrial wastewater.
3. Fast response time: Conductivity sensors generally offer a fast response time, which is important for quickly detecting changes in the conductivity of the medium.
4. Low maintenance requirements: Conductivity sensors generally require little maintenance. They need to be cleaned and calibrated regularly, but compared to other sensor types, the maintenance effort is relatively low.
5. High accuracy: Modern conductivity sensors offer high accuracy when measuring the conductivity of liquids. This enables precise and reliable measurements.
6. Cost efficiency: Conductivity sensors are generally inexpensive to purchase and operate. They offer good value for money and are therefore a popular choice in many applications.
1. Easy handling: Conductivity sensors are generally easy to install and operate. They do not require any complicated calibrations or settings.
2. Wide range of applications: Conductivity sensors can be used in various areas, including measuring water quality, monitoring chemical processes, controlling cleaning and disinfection processes and monitoring industrial wastewater.
3. Fast response time: Conductivity sensors generally offer a fast response time, which is important for quickly detecting changes in the conductivity of the medium.
4. Low maintenance requirements: Conductivity sensors generally require little maintenance. They need to be cleaned and calibrated regularly, but compared to other sensor types, the maintenance effort is relatively low.
5. High accuracy: Modern conductivity sensors offer high accuracy when measuring the conductivity of liquids. This enables precise and reliable measurements.
6. Cost efficiency: Conductivity sensors are generally inexpensive to purchase and operate. They offer good value for money and are therefore a popular choice in many applications.
How are conductivity sensors calibrated and maintained?
Conductivity sensors are usually calibrated using calibration solutions. These solutions have a known conductivity value that serves as a reference point for calibration. The sensor is immersed in the calibration solution and the measured value is compared with the known value. If deviations are detected, the sensor can be adjusted accordingly to provide accurate measurement results.
The maintenance of conductivity sensors usually includes regular cleaning to remove deposits or impurities that could affect the conductivity measurements. This can be done by rinsing with distilled water or a cleaning solution. It is also important to check the electrodes of the sensor and replace them if necessary if they are damaged or worn.
The exact calibration and maintenance steps may vary depending on the manufacturer and model of the conductivity sensor. It is therefore advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions and, if necessary, seek professional help to ensure that the sensors are correctly calibrated and maintained.
The maintenance of conductivity sensors usually includes regular cleaning to remove deposits or impurities that could affect the conductivity measurements. This can be done by rinsing with distilled water or a cleaning solution. It is also important to check the electrodes of the sensor and replace them if necessary if they are damaged or worn.
The exact calibration and maintenance steps may vary depending on the manufacturer and model of the conductivity sensor. It is therefore advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions and, if necessary, seek professional help to ensure that the sensors are correctly calibrated and maintained.
Which materials are particularly suitable as sensor elements for conductivity sensors?
There are various materials that are particularly suitable as sensor elements for conductivity sensors. Here are some examples:
1. Metallic materials: Metals such as silver, gold or platinum have a high electrical conductivity and are often used as sensor elements.
2. Conductive polymers: Polymers doped with conductive particles such as graphene or carbon nanotubes can serve as sensor elements. These materials are flexible and can be produced in various shapes.
3. Ionic liquids: Some ionic liquids have a high electrical conductivity and can be used as sensor elements. They are often used in chemical analysis.
4. semiconductor materials: Semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium can be used as sensor elements for conductivity sensors. Their conductive attributes can be specifically changed by doping them with certain elements.
5. Graphs: Graphene, a monoatomic layer of carbon atoms, has a high electrical conductivity and can be used as a sensor element. It is a promising material for various sensor technologies.
The choice of suitable material depends on the specific requirements of the sensor, such as the desired sensitivity, resistance to environmental influences or the flexibility of the sensor.
1. Metallic materials: Metals such as silver, gold or platinum have a high electrical conductivity and are often used as sensor elements.
2. Conductive polymers: Polymers doped with conductive particles such as graphene or carbon nanotubes can serve as sensor elements. These materials are flexible and can be produced in various shapes.
3. Ionic liquids: Some ionic liquids have a high electrical conductivity and can be used as sensor elements. They are often used in chemical analysis.
4. semiconductor materials: Semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium can be used as sensor elements for conductivity sensors. Their conductive attributes can be specifically changed by doping them with certain elements.
5. Graphs: Graphene, a monoatomic layer of carbon atoms, has a high electrical conductivity and can be used as a sensor element. It is a promising material for various sensor technologies.
The choice of suitable material depends on the specific requirements of the sensor, such as the desired sensitivity, resistance to environmental influences or the flexibility of the sensor.
What is the measuring accuracy of conductivity sensors and what factors can influence this?
The measuring accuracy of conductivity sensors can vary depending on the manufacturer and model. In general, however, they can have a high accuracy, typically in the range of ±1% to ±3% of the measured conductivity.
There are various factors that can influence the measuring accuracy of conductivity sensors:
1. Temperature: The temperature of the measured medium can influence the conductivity. Conductivity sensors must therefore often be equipped with temperature compensation in order to provide accurate measurement results.
2. Salt content: The salt content of the measured medium can influence the conductivity. A high salt content can lead to a higher conductivity, while a low salt content can lead to a lower conductivity. The sensors must be able to take this effect into account and perform correct measurements.
3. Pollution: Contamination on the electrodes of the sensor can lead to inaccurate measurements. Regular cleaning of the electrodes is therefore important to ensure accurate results.
4. Sensor aging: Over time, conductivity sensors can lose accuracy. This can be caused by soiling, wear of the electrodes or other factors. Regular checks and, if necessary, replacement of the sensors can ensure high measurement accuracy.
5. Electrical faults: Electrical interference in the measuring system or in the environment can influence the measuring accuracy. Good electrical shielding and the use of high-quality components can minimize such interference.
It is important to note that the measurement accuracy may also depend on the calibration of the sensors. Regular calibrations are therefore necessary to ensure accurate measurement results.
There are various factors that can influence the measuring accuracy of conductivity sensors:
1. Temperature: The temperature of the measured medium can influence the conductivity. Conductivity sensors must therefore often be equipped with temperature compensation in order to provide accurate measurement results.
2. Salt content: The salt content of the measured medium can influence the conductivity. A high salt content can lead to a higher conductivity, while a low salt content can lead to a lower conductivity. The sensors must be able to take this effect into account and perform correct measurements.
3. Pollution: Contamination on the electrodes of the sensor can lead to inaccurate measurements. Regular cleaning of the electrodes is therefore important to ensure accurate results.
4. Sensor aging: Over time, conductivity sensors can lose accuracy. This can be caused by soiling, wear of the electrodes or other factors. Regular checks and, if necessary, replacement of the sensors can ensure high measurement accuracy.
5. Electrical faults: Electrical interference in the measuring system or in the environment can influence the measuring accuracy. Good electrical shielding and the use of high-quality components can minimize such interference.
It is important to note that the measurement accuracy may also depend on the calibration of the sensors. Regular calibrations are therefore necessary to ensure accurate measurement results.
What is the difference between conductivity sensors for liquid and gaseous media?
Conductivity sensors for liquid and gaseous media differ in some important aspects:
1. Design: Conductivity sensors for liquid media are usually designed as immersion probes that are immersed in the liquid. They consist of an electrode or an electrode arrangement that conducts the electric current through the liquid. Conductivity sensors for gaseous media, on the other hand, often use a flow cell in which the gas flows through a chamber with electrodes.
2. Electrode material: The electrode materials can vary depending on the application. Precious metals such as platinum or gold are often used in conductivity sensors for liquid media to prevent corrosion. Other materials such as stainless steel or nickel can also be used for gaseous media.
3. Measurement range: The measuring range of conductivity sensors for liquid media is generally wider than that of sensors for gaseous media. This is because the conductivity of liquids is normally higher than that of gases.
4. Calibration: Sensors for liquid media often require regular calibration to maintain the accuracy of the measurements. This is because the conductivity of liquids can be influenced by factors such as temperature, salt content and contamination. Calibration is generally required less frequently for sensors for gaseous media.
5. Area of application: Conductivity sensors for liquid media are used in areas such as water and waste water treatment, the chemical industry and the food industry. Sensors for gaseous media, on the other hand, are often used in the process industry, environmental monitoring and gas analysis.
It is important to note that there are also some similarities between the two types of sensors, such as the use of AC technology to measure conductivity and the ability to integrate into automated systems to monitor and control processes.
1. Design: Conductivity sensors for liquid media are usually designed as immersion probes that are immersed in the liquid. They consist of an electrode or an electrode arrangement that conducts the electric current through the liquid. Conductivity sensors for gaseous media, on the other hand, often use a flow cell in which the gas flows through a chamber with electrodes.
2. Electrode material: The electrode materials can vary depending on the application. Precious metals such as platinum or gold are often used in conductivity sensors for liquid media to prevent corrosion. Other materials such as stainless steel or nickel can also be used for gaseous media.
3. Measurement range: The measuring range of conductivity sensors for liquid media is generally wider than that of sensors for gaseous media. This is because the conductivity of liquids is normally higher than that of gases.
4. Calibration: Sensors for liquid media often require regular calibration to maintain the accuracy of the measurements. This is because the conductivity of liquids can be influenced by factors such as temperature, salt content and contamination. Calibration is generally required less frequently for sensors for gaseous media.
5. Area of application: Conductivity sensors for liquid media are used in areas such as water and waste water treatment, the chemical industry and the food industry. Sensors for gaseous media, on the other hand, are often used in the process industry, environmental monitoring and gas analysis.
It is important to note that there are also some similarities between the two types of sensors, such as the use of AC technology to measure conductivity and the ability to integrate into automated systems to monitor and control processes.
What future developments can be expected in conductivity sensors?
Various future developments can be expected for conductivity sensors. Some possible trends and improvements could be
1. Miniaturization: Conductivity sensors could become smaller and more compact in the future to save space in various applications and enable easier integration.
2. Improved sensitivity: With the further development of materials and technologies, conductivity sensors could be able to detect even lower concentrations of dissolved substances and carry out measurements with greater accuracy.
3. Wireless communication: The integration of wireless communication technology into conductivity sensors could make it possible to wirelessly transmit measurement data in real time and enable easy remote monitoring and control.
4. Multi-channel sensors: Future conductivity sensors could be able to integrate several channels or sensor elements in order to measure different parameters simultaneously. This could increase the efficiency and versatility of the sensors.
5. Automated calibration: By integrating automated calibration functions, conductivity sensors could be able to calibrate themselves and provide more accurate measurements over longer periods of time.
6. Extended areas of application: Future developments could enable conductivity sensors to be used in new areas of application, such as medicine, environmental monitoring or the food industry.
These developments could help to further improve the performance, reliability and range of applications of conductivity sensors and open up new possibilities for their use.
1. Miniaturization: Conductivity sensors could become smaller and more compact in the future to save space in various applications and enable easier integration.
2. Improved sensitivity: With the further development of materials and technologies, conductivity sensors could be able to detect even lower concentrations of dissolved substances and carry out measurements with greater accuracy.
3. Wireless communication: The integration of wireless communication technology into conductivity sensors could make it possible to wirelessly transmit measurement data in real time and enable easy remote monitoring and control.
4. Multi-channel sensors: Future conductivity sensors could be able to integrate several channels or sensor elements in order to measure different parameters simultaneously. This could increase the efficiency and versatility of the sensors.
5. Automated calibration: By integrating automated calibration functions, conductivity sensors could be able to calibrate themselves and provide more accurate measurements over longer periods of time.
6. Extended areas of application: Future developments could enable conductivity sensors to be used in new areas of application, such as medicine, environmental monitoring or the food industry.
These developments could help to further improve the performance, reliability and range of applications of conductivity sensors and open up new possibilities for their use.