| Standard shaft length/installation length | 23 mm |
| Shaft diameter | 20 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 150 µS/cm |
pH sensors
pH sensors are devices that measure the pH value of liquids. The pH value indicates how acidic or alkaline a solution is and depends on the concentration of hydrogen ions dissolved in it. pH sensors can be used in the chemical industry, the food industry, environmental monitoring and other applications.
A pH sensor consists of an electrode that is immersed in the liquid or solution. The electrode contains an internal reference electrode and a glass or plastic measuring electrode. When an electrical voltage is applied to the electrodes, a potential is created between them that is proportional to the pH of the solution.
pH sensors can be constructed in various ways, for example as a combination electrode containing a reference electrode and a measuring electrode, or as separate electrodes where the reference electrode is separate from the measuring electrode. The accuracy and sensitivity of pH sensors depend on various factors such as the type of electrolyte used, the size and shape of the electrodes, the sensitivity of the signal processing and the accuracy of the calibration.
pH sensors are used in many applications, for example in the chemical industry to monitor the pH of solutions and in the food industry to monitor the pH of juices, dairy products and other liquids.
Choosing the right pH sensor depends on the type of solution whose pH needs to be measured and the specific measurement requirements such as accuracy, sensitivity and measuring range.
... Read more
A pH sensor consists of an electrode that is immersed in the liquid or solution. The electrode contains an internal reference electrode and a glass or plastic measuring electrode. When an electrical voltage is applied to the electrodes, a potential is created between them that is proportional to the pH of the solution.
pH sensors can be constructed in various ways, for example as a combination electrode containing a reference electrode and a measuring electrode, or as separate electrodes where the reference electrode is separate from the measuring electrode. The accuracy and sensitivity of pH sensors depend on various factors such as the type of electrolyte used, the size and shape of the electrodes, the sensitivity of the signal processing and the accuracy of the calibration.
pH sensors are used in many applications, for example in the chemical industry to monitor the pH of solutions and in the food industry to monitor the pH of juices, dairy products and other liquids.
Choosing the right pH sensor depends on the type of solution whose pH needs to be measured and the specific measurement requirements such as accuracy, sensitivity and measuring range.
... Read more
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| Standard shaft length/installation length | 23 mm |
| Shaft diameter | 20 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 150 µS/cm |
| Applications | Chemical industry |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 120 mm |
| Shaft diameter | 12 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 150 µS/cm |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 80 to 120 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 150 µS/cm |
| Measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 160 to 240 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 50 µS/cm |
| Measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 120 to 160 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 150 µS/cm |
| Measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 120 to 240 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 50 to 150 µS/cm |
| Measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 120 to 240 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 20 to 50 µS/cm |
| Measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 120 to 240 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 50 µS/cm |
| Measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 120 to 240 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 150 µS/cm |
| Measurement range | 0 to 14 pH |
| Standard shaft length/installation length | 160 to 240 mm |
| Minimum conductivity > | 50 to 150 µS/cm |
| Measurement range | 1 to 11 pH |
The output voltage of the pH sensor is 0 mV at pH value 7. However, this value, called zero point, is a theoretical value, in practice it deviates from 0 mV. This deviation must be taken into account during calibration. Equally important is the slope, which must also be calibrated. The slope is the change in voltage value per unit.
During pH measurement, the voltage of the electrode is measured. Since the internal resistance of the voltage source "electrode" is very high, this voltage can only be measured with special measuring amplifiers which have a high internal resistance. External impedance converters are also used, which convert the very high-impedance signal of the pH electrode into a low-impedance signal that can then be further processed by a common measuring amplifier. The output voltage of the pH sensor is 0 mV at pH value 7. However, this value, called zero point, is a theoretical value, in practice it deviates from 0 mV. This deviation must be taken into account during calibration. Equally important is the slope, which must also be calibrated. The slope is the change in voltage value per unit.
During pH measurement, the voltage of the electrode is measured. Since the internal resistance of the voltage source "electrode" is very high, this voltage can only be measured with special measuring amplifiers which have a high internal resistance. External impedance converters are also used, which convert the very high-impedance signal of the pH electrode into a low-impedance signal that can then be further processed by a common measuring amplifier. The output voltage of the pH sensor is 0 mV at pH value 7. However, this value, called zero point, is a theoretical value, in practice it deviates from 0 mV. This deviation must be taken into account during calibration. Equally important is the slope, which must also be calibrated. The slope is the change in voltage value per unit.
During pH measurement, the voltage of the electrode is measured. Since the internal resistance of the voltage source "electrode" is very high, this voltage can only be measured with special measuring amplifiers which have a high internal resistance. External impedance converters are also used, which convert the very high-impedance signal of the pH electrode into a low-impedance signal that can then be further processed by a common measuring amplifier.
During pH measurement, the voltage of the electrode is measured. Since the internal resistance of the voltage source "electrode" is very high, this voltage can only be measured with special measuring amplifiers which have a high internal resistance. External impedance converters are also used, which convert the very high-impedance signal of the pH electrode into a low-impedance signal that can then be further processed by a common measuring amplifier. The output voltage of the pH sensor is 0 mV at pH value 7. However, this value, called zero point, is a theoretical value, in practice it deviates from 0 mV. This deviation must be taken into account during calibration. Equally important is the slope, which must also be calibrated. The slope is the change in voltage value per unit.
During pH measurement, the voltage of the electrode is measured. Since the internal resistance of the voltage source "electrode" is very high, this voltage can only be measured with special measuring amplifiers which have a high internal resistance. External impedance converters are also used, which convert the very high-impedance signal of the pH electrode into a low-impedance signal that can then be further processed by a common measuring amplifier. The output voltage of the pH sensor is 0 mV at pH value 7. However, this value, called zero point, is a theoretical value, in practice it deviates from 0 mV. This deviation must be taken into account during calibration. Equally important is the slope, which must also be calibrated. The slope is the change in voltage value per unit.
During pH measurement, the voltage of the electrode is measured. Since the internal resistance of the voltage source "electrode" is very high, this voltage can only be measured with special measuring amplifiers which have a high internal resistance. External impedance converters are also used, which convert the very high-impedance signal of the pH electrode into a low-impedance signal that can then be further processed by a common measuring amplifier.
What is a pH sensor and what is it used for?
A pH sensor is a device that is used to measure the pH value of a solution or medium. The pH value is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution and indicates whether the solution is acidic, neutral or alkaline.
A pH sensor normally consists of a measuring chain comprising a specific electrode, a reference electrode and an electrolyte solution. The specific electrode is equipped with a glass membrane filled with a pH-sensitive liquid. This liquid reacts with the H+ ions in the solution and generates an electrical voltage that is proportional to the pH value. The reference electrode serves as a reference electrode and enables the voltage to be measured in comparison to a known reference solution.
pH sensors are used in a variety of applications, including monitoring pH in aquariums, swimming pools and bodies of water, controlling pH in the food and beverage industry, measuring pH in the chemical industry and monitoring pH in biological processes such as fermentation. They are also widely used in medical applications such as monitoring the pH value in patients' blood or urine.
A pH sensor normally consists of a measuring chain comprising a specific electrode, a reference electrode and an electrolyte solution. The specific electrode is equipped with a glass membrane filled with a pH-sensitive liquid. This liquid reacts with the H+ ions in the solution and generates an electrical voltage that is proportional to the pH value. The reference electrode serves as a reference electrode and enables the voltage to be measured in comparison to a known reference solution.
pH sensors are used in a variety of applications, including monitoring pH in aquariums, swimming pools and bodies of water, controlling pH in the food and beverage industry, measuring pH in the chemical industry and monitoring pH in biological processes such as fermentation. They are also widely used in medical applications such as monitoring the pH value in patients' blood or urine.
How does a pH sensor work and what technology is used?
A pH sensor is an electronic device that is used to measure the pH value of a liquid. It is based on the principle of electrochemical measurement.
The basic technology used in a pH sensor is the measurement of the voltage difference between a reference electrode and a measuring electrode. The reference electrode has a known pH value and serves as a reference point for the measurement. The measuring electrode consists of a glass membrane that is filled with a special solution and is in contact with the liquid to be measured.
The pH value of a liquid is a unit of measurement that indicates its acidic or alkaline character. It is measured on a scale from 0 to 14, whereby a pH value of 7 is neutral, values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are alkaline.
When the measuring electrode comes into contact with the liquid, the ions in the liquid exchange with the ions in the solution inside the electrode. This leads to a change in charge, which is measured as a voltage difference. This voltage difference is then converted into a pH value and shown on a display.
A pH sensor can be used in various applications, such as in water and wastewater treatment, in the food industry, in medicine and in environmental monitoring. The accuracy and reliability of a pH sensor depends on the quality of the electrodes and the calibration.
The basic technology used in a pH sensor is the measurement of the voltage difference between a reference electrode and a measuring electrode. The reference electrode has a known pH value and serves as a reference point for the measurement. The measuring electrode consists of a glass membrane that is filled with a special solution and is in contact with the liquid to be measured.
The pH value of a liquid is a unit of measurement that indicates its acidic or alkaline character. It is measured on a scale from 0 to 14, whereby a pH value of 7 is neutral, values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are alkaline.
When the measuring electrode comes into contact with the liquid, the ions in the liquid exchange with the ions in the solution inside the electrode. This leads to a change in charge, which is measured as a voltage difference. This voltage difference is then converted into a pH value and shown on a display.
A pH sensor can be used in various applications, such as in water and wastewater treatment, in the food industry, in medicine and in environmental monitoring. The accuracy and reliability of a pH sensor depends on the quality of the electrodes and the calibration.
What are the areas of application for pH sensors?
There are many areas of application for pH sensors. Here are some examples:
1. Laboratories and research facilities: pH sensors are often used in laboratories and research facilities to measure the pH value of liquids such as solutions or cultures. This is important for various experiments and scientific studies.
2. Environmental monitoring: pH sensors are used to measure the pH value of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers or oceans. This is important for monitoring water quality and assessing environmental impacts.
3. Food and beverage industry: In the food and beverage industry, pH sensors are used to measure the pH value of products such as juices, wine, beer or milk. This is important to ensure the quality and durability of the products.
4. Industrial processes: pH sensors are used in various industrial processes, such as the chemical industry, the pharmaceutical industry or waste water treatment. They help to monitor and control the pH value of the process liquids in order to improve product quality and ensure process reliability.
5. Medical applications: pH sensors are also used in medical diagnostics and research, e.g. for monitoring the pH value in blood or other body fluids. This can help in the diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases.
6. Agriculture: In agriculture, pH sensors are used to measure the pH value of the soil. This is important to determine the nutrient content of the soil and to improve soil quality.
These are just a few examples of applications for pH sensors. There are many other applications in various industries and sectors.
1. Laboratories and research facilities: pH sensors are often used in laboratories and research facilities to measure the pH value of liquids such as solutions or cultures. This is important for various experiments and scientific studies.
2. Environmental monitoring: pH sensors are used to measure the pH value of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers or oceans. This is important for monitoring water quality and assessing environmental impacts.
3. Food and beverage industry: In the food and beverage industry, pH sensors are used to measure the pH value of products such as juices, wine, beer or milk. This is important to ensure the quality and durability of the products.
4. Industrial processes: pH sensors are used in various industrial processes, such as the chemical industry, the pharmaceutical industry or waste water treatment. They help to monitor and control the pH value of the process liquids in order to improve product quality and ensure process reliability.
5. Medical applications: pH sensors are also used in medical diagnostics and research, e.g. for monitoring the pH value in blood or other body fluids. This can help in the diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases.
6. Agriculture: In agriculture, pH sensors are used to measure the pH value of the soil. This is important to determine the nutrient content of the soil and to improve soil quality.
These are just a few examples of applications for pH sensors. There are many other applications in various industries and sectors.
How accurate and precise are pH sensors in measuring the pH value?
pH sensors are generally very precise and accurate in measuring the pH value. You can measure the pH value in liquids such as water, acids or bases. However, the accuracy depends on various factors, including the quality of the sensor, the calibration and the environmental conditions.
A pH sensor consists of an electrode filled with a specific pH-sensitive solution. When the electrode comes into contact with a liquid, the solution reacts with the hydrogen ions (H+ ions) in the liquid and generates an electrical signal that is proportional to the pH value.
To ensure the accuracy of the measurement, it is important to calibrate the pH sensor regularly. This is normally carried out using buffer solutions that have known pH values. By comparing the measured signal with the expected values, the sensor can be adjusted to provide accurate measurements.
It is also important to protect the sensor from soiling, as this can affect the measurement accuracy. Contamination can be minimized by regular cleaning and storage in suitable solutions.
Overall, pH sensors are very useful tools for measuring pH and usually provide a precise and accurate measurement when properly maintained and calibrated.
A pH sensor consists of an electrode filled with a specific pH-sensitive solution. When the electrode comes into contact with a liquid, the solution reacts with the hydrogen ions (H+ ions) in the liquid and generates an electrical signal that is proportional to the pH value.
To ensure the accuracy of the measurement, it is important to calibrate the pH sensor regularly. This is normally carried out using buffer solutions that have known pH values. By comparing the measured signal with the expected values, the sensor can be adjusted to provide accurate measurements.
It is also important to protect the sensor from soiling, as this can affect the measurement accuracy. Contamination can be minimized by regular cleaning and storage in suitable solutions.
Overall, pH sensors are very useful tools for measuring pH and usually provide a precise and accurate measurement when properly maintained and calibrated.
What different types of pH sensors are there and how do they differ from each other?
There are various types of pH sensors, which differ in their mode of operation and their applications. Here are some of the most common types:
1. Glass electrode: The glass electrode is the most commonly used type of pH sensor. It consists of a thin glass membrane filled with a special solution. When this solution comes into contact with the liquid to be measured, an electrical voltage is generated which determines the pH value.
2. ISFET (Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor): This sensor uses a field-effect transistor coated with an ion-selective membrane. The membrane reacts to changes in the pH value and generates an electrical voltage that can be measured. ISFET sensors are particularly robust and are well suited for use in aggressive environments.
3. Metal electrode: Metal electrodes consist of a metal that is brought into contact with a suitable electrolyte. The concentration of the metal ions changes depending on the pH value of the solution, which leads to a change in the electrical potential.
4. Optical sensors: Optical pH sensors use special fluorescent dyes that change their emission properties depending on the pH value. The pH value can be determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity. Optical sensors offer the advantage of a fast response time and are non-invasive.
5. Conductivity sensors: Conductivity sensors measure the electrical conductivity of a solution, which depends on the pH value. These sensors are simple and inexpensive, but do not provide a direct measurement of the pH value.
These different types of pH sensors each have advantages and disadvantages that make them more suitable for certain applications. The choice of the right sensor depends on factors such as the type of liquid to be measured, the accuracy and the environment.
1. Glass electrode: The glass electrode is the most commonly used type of pH sensor. It consists of a thin glass membrane filled with a special solution. When this solution comes into contact with the liquid to be measured, an electrical voltage is generated which determines the pH value.
2. ISFET (Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor): This sensor uses a field-effect transistor coated with an ion-selective membrane. The membrane reacts to changes in the pH value and generates an electrical voltage that can be measured. ISFET sensors are particularly robust and are well suited for use in aggressive environments.
3. Metal electrode: Metal electrodes consist of a metal that is brought into contact with a suitable electrolyte. The concentration of the metal ions changes depending on the pH value of the solution, which leads to a change in the electrical potential.
4. Optical sensors: Optical pH sensors use special fluorescent dyes that change their emission properties depending on the pH value. The pH value can be determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity. Optical sensors offer the advantage of a fast response time and are non-invasive.
5. Conductivity sensors: Conductivity sensors measure the electrical conductivity of a solution, which depends on the pH value. These sensors are simple and inexpensive, but do not provide a direct measurement of the pH value.
These different types of pH sensors each have advantages and disadvantages that make them more suitable for certain applications. The choice of the right sensor depends on factors such as the type of liquid to be measured, the accuracy and the environment.
How long is the service life of a pH sensor and how can it be maintained or calibrated?
The service life of a pH sensor depends on various factors, such as the quality of the sensor, the operating environment and the period of use. In general, a pH sensor can have a service life of several years with proper handling and regular maintenance.
To maintain and calibrate a pH sensor, the following steps are recommended:
1. Cleaning: After each use, the sensor should be rinsed with distilled water to remove any residue. If necessary, a special cleaning solution can also be used.
2. Calibration: Regular calibration is important to ensure the accuracy of the sensor. The pH values of two or more standard buffer solutions are measured and the sensor is adjusted accordingly.
3. Replace the electrode: The electrode of the pH sensor can wear out over time and should be replaced if necessary. The frequency of replacement depends on the period of use and the quality of the sensor.
4. Storage: When the pH sensor is not in use, it should be stored in a suitable storage solution or in distilled water to prevent it from drying out.
It is also advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions and, if necessary, use specific maintenance and calibration procedures recommended for the pH sensor used.
To maintain and calibrate a pH sensor, the following steps are recommended:
1. Cleaning: After each use, the sensor should be rinsed with distilled water to remove any residue. If necessary, a special cleaning solution can also be used.
2. Calibration: Regular calibration is important to ensure the accuracy of the sensor. The pH values of two or more standard buffer solutions are measured and the sensor is adjusted accordingly.
3. Replace the electrode: The electrode of the pH sensor can wear out over time and should be replaced if necessary. The frequency of replacement depends on the period of use and the quality of the sensor.
4. Storage: When the pH sensor is not in use, it should be stored in a suitable storage solution or in distilled water to prevent it from drying out.
It is also advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions and, if necessary, use specific maintenance and calibration procedures recommended for the pH sensor used.
What challenges can arise when using pH sensors and how can they be overcome?
Various challenges can arise when using pH sensors. Here are some of them:
1. Calibration: pH sensors must be calibrated regularly in order to provide accurate measurement results. Incorrect calibration can lead to inaccurate measurements. This challenge can be overcome by regular calibration with buffer solutions of different pH values.
2. Contamination: pH sensors can be affected by deposits or contamination that can influence the measurements. Regular cleaning of the sensors can solve this problem.
3. Electrode wear: The electrodes of the pH sensors can wear out over time, which can lead to inaccurate measurements. Regularly checking and replacing the electrodes can solve this problem.
4. Temperature dependence: The pH value of a solution can change with temperature, which can lead to measurement inaccuracies. This challenge can be overcome by using temperature-compensated pH sensors.
5. Electromagnetic interference: Electromagnetic fields in the environment can interfere with pH sensor measurements. This interference can be minimized by suitable shielding and positioning of the sensors.
6. Chemical interference: Some substances can influence the measurements of the pH sensors and lead to incorrect results. A thorough knowledge of the sample and, if necessary, the use of special pH sensors for certain substances can solve this problem.
It is important to consider these challenges and take appropriate measures to ensure accurate pH measurements with sensors.
1. Calibration: pH sensors must be calibrated regularly in order to provide accurate measurement results. Incorrect calibration can lead to inaccurate measurements. This challenge can be overcome by regular calibration with buffer solutions of different pH values.
2. Contamination: pH sensors can be affected by deposits or contamination that can influence the measurements. Regular cleaning of the sensors can solve this problem.
3. Electrode wear: The electrodes of the pH sensors can wear out over time, which can lead to inaccurate measurements. Regularly checking and replacing the electrodes can solve this problem.
4. Temperature dependence: The pH value of a solution can change with temperature, which can lead to measurement inaccuracies. This challenge can be overcome by using temperature-compensated pH sensors.
5. Electromagnetic interference: Electromagnetic fields in the environment can interfere with pH sensor measurements. This interference can be minimized by suitable shielding and positioning of the sensors.
6. Chemical interference: Some substances can influence the measurements of the pH sensors and lead to incorrect results. A thorough knowledge of the sample and, if necessary, the use of special pH sensors for certain substances can solve this problem.
It is important to consider these challenges and take appropriate measures to ensure accurate pH measurements with sensors.
What current developments are there in the field of pH sensors and what improvements can be expected in the future?
There are currently several developments in the field of pH sensors that aim to improve their accuracy, reliability and applicability. Some of these developments include:
1. Miniaturization: pH sensors are becoming increasingly smaller and more compact, which enables their integration into smaller devices and applications.
2. Wireless transmission: pH sensors are equipped with wireless transmission technologies to facilitate data transmission and enable use in wireless networks.
3. Improved sensitivity: New materials and coatings are being developed to improve the sensitivity of the pH sensors and enable a more precise measurement of the pH value.
4. Long-term stability: Researchers are working on developing pH sensors that are stable and maintenance-free in the long term in order to reduce the need for regular calibration and maintenance.
5. Automated calibration: Advances in technology enable the automated calibration of pH sensors, making them easier to use and handle.
Further improvements are expected in the future, for example:
1. Improved durability: pH sensors could become more resistant to environmental conditions and chemicals to improve their lifetime and functionality.
2. Real-time monitoring: Advances in sensor technology and data processing could enable real-time monitoring of pH, which could be beneficial in various application areas such as the food industry, water quality monitoring and medical diagnostics.
3. Intelligent pH sensors: By integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning, pH sensors could be able to recognize patterns and trends in the pH value and react automatically to changes.
4. Improved compatibility: pH sensors could be better integrated with other devices and systems in the future to enable seamless data transfer and analysis.
Overall, future developments in the field of pH sensors are expected to lead to more precise, reliable and user-friendly devices that can be used in a wide range of applications.
1. Miniaturization: pH sensors are becoming increasingly smaller and more compact, which enables their integration into smaller devices and applications.
2. Wireless transmission: pH sensors are equipped with wireless transmission technologies to facilitate data transmission and enable use in wireless networks.
3. Improved sensitivity: New materials and coatings are being developed to improve the sensitivity of the pH sensors and enable a more precise measurement of the pH value.
4. Long-term stability: Researchers are working on developing pH sensors that are stable and maintenance-free in the long term in order to reduce the need for regular calibration and maintenance.
5. Automated calibration: Advances in technology enable the automated calibration of pH sensors, making them easier to use and handle.
Further improvements are expected in the future, for example:
1. Improved durability: pH sensors could become more resistant to environmental conditions and chemicals to improve their lifetime and functionality.
2. Real-time monitoring: Advances in sensor technology and data processing could enable real-time monitoring of pH, which could be beneficial in various application areas such as the food industry, water quality monitoring and medical diagnostics.
3. Intelligent pH sensors: By integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning, pH sensors could be able to recognize patterns and trends in the pH value and react automatically to changes.
4. Improved compatibility: pH sensors could be better integrated with other devices and systems in the future to enable seamless data transfer and analysis.
Overall, future developments in the field of pH sensors are expected to lead to more precise, reliable and user-friendly devices that can be used in a wide range of applications.